What is the Element Theory and what is the Total Factor Theory?

The so-called "total factor productivity" (total factor productivity) growth, commonly known as the rate of technological progress, is another name for the index used to measure the role of pure technological progress in production in the neoclassical school of economic growth theory, which is led by Solow and others, since the 60s of the 20th century in the development of growth accounting, as a component of long-term economic growth**. The so-called pure technological progress includes the improvement of knowledge, education, technical training, economies of scale, organization and management, etc., but it cannot be concretized or cannot be attributed to the increase in the input of production factors such as tangible and efficient capital equipment, more skilled labor, and more fertile land. Therefore, the growth rate of total factor productivity refers to the part of production that can still increase when the input of all factors of production (including capital, labor, and land, but land is usually omitted in the analysis) remains unchanged.

The growth rate of total factor productivity is not the productivity of all factors, and "full" means that part of economic growth that cannot be separately attributed to the growth of the relevant tangible factors of production, so that the growth rate of total factor productivity can only be used to measure the growth of productivity of pure technological progress excluding all tangible factors of production.

Answers]: a, b, c, d

This question examines the human resources in the theory of factors of production.

The great influence of the management and organization provided by the entrepreneur on modern production has led to the formation of the theory of the four main sources and the organization being listed after capital, labor and land. The five-factor theory includes the co-creation of value by capital, land, labor, entrepreneurs, and knowledge.

1. The scope is different.

The relationship between the two is interrelated, and the factors of production include the factors of production, but the factors of production are not equal to the factors of resources.

Factors of production refer to all factors necessary for material production and their environmental conditions, generally speaking, factors of production include at least human factors, material factors and their combination factors, and the reason why laborers and means of production are the most basic factors of production is because regardless of the social form of production.

2. The conditions are different.

They are always indispensable factors of production, but when the worker and the means of production are separated, they are only possible factors of production. For them to become real factors of production, they must be combined.

Resource elements are divided into water resource elements, engineering resource elements, raw materials, fuels, power, etc. In construction engineering, resource elements are divided into labor, materials, and construction machinery and equipment, which are the basic elements of construction and production.

Essentials: Selective, selective, and well-organized and arranged, and by dealing with the layout to reflect the overall effect of the work. According to the general rules of creation, the process of creation will be a combination of ideas, ideas, composition, modeling colors, material techniques, etc., the idea mainly depends on the accumulation of experience and experience in ordinary life, and the idea is to value the expression of subjective emotions and concepts, and the composition will establish the theme of the picture and the basic form of the expression of the picture.

Explanation of "visual elements" in academic literature: visual elements refer to the visual image that people can see with their eyes, which includes words, colors, images, animations, etc.

1.Concept A concept is an abstraction of a phenomenon, which is the subjective reflection of the properties of a class of things. Concepts are made up of definitions.

Such definitions are usually in language, and sometimes in the form of numbers or symbols, to indicate and qualify the phenomenon to which the concept refers. Concepts can be used to denote various tangible things or phenomena in the social world, such as books, houses, etc.; It can also be used to denote many things or phenomena in the social world that cannot be directly observed, such as discrimination, social status, etc.

2. Variables A variable is a concept with more than one different value (different subcategories, different attributes, or different subconcepts). Concepts that have only one fixed value are called constants.

3. Propositions and assumptions.

A proposition is a statement about the characteristics of a concept or the relationships between multiple concepts. For example, "the level of industrialization is good" is a statement about the characteristics of the concept of "industrialization". And "industrialization alienates interpersonal relationships" is also a statement about the relationship between the concepts of "industrialization" and "interpersonal relations".

There are different types of propositions, such as axioms, laws, hypotheses, empirical generalizations, etc. A hypothesis is an attempted statement about the relationship between variables, or a proposition that can be tested by empirical facts. Just as a variable is a special form of a concept, a hypothesis is also a special form of a proposition.

Measurement and operationalization are issues that need to be addressed in social research.

1. Measurement Measurement is the process of expressing the properties or characteristics of an object or phenomenon with numbers or symbols according to certain laws. Not only can it quantitatively describe the properties of things (i.e., determine the level of a particular property), but it can also make a qualitative description of the properties of things (i.e., determine the category of a particular property).

There are four levels of measurement:

Qualitative measurements. (Essentially a classification system, that is, the different attributes or characteristics of the object of study are distinguished, marked with different names or symbols, and its category is determined.) Its mathematical characteristics are mainly equal to and not equal to or belong to and not belong to, such as people's gender, occupation).

Sequential measurements. (Scheduled measurements can distinguish objects into sequences of intensity, degree, or grade by a certain characteristic or criterion.) Its mathematical characteristics are greater or less than, such as the size of the city, the cultural level of the people).

Fixed-distance measurement. (It is possible not only to distinguish social phenomena or things into different categories and classes, but also to determine the distance between them and the difference in the number of different levels.) such as people's IQ).

Fixed-ratio measurements. (In addition to having all the properties of the three measurements mentioned above, there is also a meaningful zero point, which means "no.") Therefore, it measures the resulting data for addition and subtraction as well as multiplication and division. such as people's income, age).

2. Operationalization of concepts.

Concepts, Variables & Indicators.

We call a set of observable things that represent the meaning of a concept or variable a set of indicators for that concept or variable, the concept can only be imagined, and the indicators can also be observed and identified).

Element yào sù

Word elements. Zhuyin 1

Part-of-speech nouns. Basic explanation.

Element yào sù

essential factor；key point] The substance or essence, the component that something must have.

Cite to explain the necessary elements that make up something. Lu Xun's "Collection of Letters: To Wang Qiaonan": "My opinion is that "The True Story of Ah Q" does not have the elements of adapting the script and movie.

Liao Zhongkai, "The Relationship between the Chinese People and Leaders in the Construction of the New State": "The most important elements that constitute a modern state are the people, territory, and sovereignty.

Hello, glad to answer your questions.

Element refers to the smallest unit necessary to constitute the existence of an objective thing and maintain its motion, is an indispensable phenomenon that constitutes a thing, and is the basic unit of the system, and is the driving force for the generation, change and development of the system. An element is an abstraction that describes a set of phenomena in the objective world that have common characteristics and relationships.

Hope it helps.

Factor cost is the production cost reflected according to the classification of production cost factors. Industrial enterprises determine the planned number of factor costs by preparing production cost plans; The actual cost of each element is reflected through the preparation of the production cost schedule.

An element is an item classification of an object of study.

The three voids are the effect, the cause, and the phenomenon.

In human resource development and management, any element (personnel) is useful, and the key is to create the conditions for it to function. In other words, there are no useless people, only useless people. We can understand this principle from the following three aspects.

1. The appointment of talents requires a certain environment. The first is to know that there should be a key role played by Bole-style leaders in the appointment of talents; Second, policies, such as "open recruitment" and "competition for posts," have enabled many talented people to take up higher positions and even leadership positions.

2. The quality of people often presents a complex two-way nature. For example, misers are sometimes generous, people who have always been serious can be sloppy, strong people can be timid, and cowardly people can take risks. This has made it more difficult to understand people, use their strengths, and to discover and appoint talents, which requires human resource managers to overcome various difficulties to know people well.

3. The quality of people often contains negation in affirmation, and affirmation in negation. Strengths and weaknesses coexist, and mistakes often mask the factors for success. The vague collection of various qualities makes people's characteristics appear in a variety of forms, forming a phenomenon of "looking horizontally at the side of the ridge and forming peaks, and the distance and height are different".

Mediocre people also have a shining side. A good leader should be a good person who is good at capturing the shining light in everyone and making use of it.

The theory of factors of production is a theory, and the economist Peter once put forward in his work on economics: "Land is the mother of wealth, and labor is the factor of disadvantage and agency of the father of wealth."