What is Scientific Management Theory? What are the main contents of scientific management theory?

Science Encyclopedia: Scientific Management.

The main contents of scientific management theory are as follows:

1. Operation management: Taylor.

It is believed that scientific management is a combination of various elements. He collects knowledge, analyzes and combines it, and classifies it into laws and regulations, thus constituting a science.

2. Organizational management.

In traditional management, the responsibility for work in production is pushed to the workers, and the workers work according to their own habits and experience, and work efficiently.

It's up to the workers themselves. Because it has to do with the proficiency of the workers and the mentality of the individual, Taylor is convinced that this is not the highest efficiency and must be changed with the scientific method. The scientific method is to find out the standard, formulate the standard, and then act according to the standard.

3. Management philosophy: scientific management is not so much a management theory composed of some principles and principles, but rather a management philosophy that changes people's re-examination of management practice at that time.

As the American management scientist Drucker.

As pointed out:"Scientific management is a philosophy of workers and work systems, and in general it is probably the most special American contribution to Western thought since the literature of federalism. "

The main viewpoints of scientific management theory

1. The purpose of scientific management is to improve labor productivity.

2. An important means to improve labor productivity is to replace traditional management methods with scientific management methods.

3. The core of scientific management is a thorough ideological revolution between labor and management psychologically and spiritually.

<> Taylor's theory of scientific management has led people to realize that management is a science based on clear regulations, regulations and principles, and it is applicable to all kinds of human activities, from the simplest individual behavior to the business activities of large corporations that are well organized. The influence of scientific management theory on management theory and management practice is far-reaching, and many ideas and practices of scientific management have been referred to and adopted by many countries.

Advantages and disadvantages of Taylor's scientific management theory.

Advantages: 1. For the first time in history, management has been elevated from experience to science. Taylor's greatest contribution to scientific management lies in Taylor's advocacy of the use of scientific methods in management and his own scientific practice spirit.

The essence of Taylor's scientific management is to replace personal judgment, opinion, and experience with accurate research and scientific knowledge.

2. Optimize the idea of efficiency and the scientific method of investigation and research. At the heart of Taylor's theory is the search for the best way to work and to achieve the highest productivity. Taylor and his colleagues have created and developed a range of technologies and methods that help improve production efficiency.

For example, time and movement research technology and differential piecework wage system. These techniques and methods are the basis for the rational organization of production not only in the past, but also in modern times.

Disadvantages: 1. Taylor's view of workers is wrong. He believed that the main motivation of workers was economic, and that workers were most concerned with raising their monetary income, i.e., persistence"Homo economicus"assumptions.

He also believed that workers could only do their jobs well by working alone, and that collective encouragement was often ineffective.

2、"Taylor"It only solves the problem of operational efficiency of individual specific work, but does not solve the problem of how to operate and manage the enterprise as a whole.

Main content: Replace the traditional empirical management method with scientific management methods, and implement the principle of work quota and standardization.

In order to increase productivity, it is necessary to select "first-class workers" for the job.

Implement a differential piecework wage system.

Separate the planning function from the executive function.

Implement a functional foreman system.

The principle of exception to management was proposed.

Scientific management theory describes the application of scientific methods to determine the "best way" to do a job. It can be summarized as: science, not just experience; Harmony, not cooperation; cooperation, not individualism; To maximize the output, replace the limited output, everyone to play the greatest work efficiency, the greatest success, is to replace the low-cost production mode with high-efficiency production mode, in order to strengthen the control of labor costs.

1. Job management.

Each person has different talents and talents, and as long as the job suits him, he can become a first-class worker. The method of adopting science can make a reasonable combination of workers' operating methods, tools used, labor and rest time.

2. Organizational management.

Separate the planning function from the executive function, and replace the traditional empirical method of work with a scientific working method. Labor productivity is not only affected by factors such as workers' labor attitudes, work quotas, operating methods, and wage systems, but also by the organization and command of managers. To this end, Taylor advocates a clear separation between planning and executive functions.

3. Psychological revolution.

Taylor stressed the need for a "spiritual" revolution on both employers and workers, and believed that doing so would lead to a dramatic increase in labor productivity. This is because it enables two increasingly opposing sides to work together and contribute to the improvement of labor productivity.

Scientific management theory describes the application of scientific methods to determine the "best way" to do a job. It can be summarized as: science, rather than just relying on experience, to maximize output, to replace limited output, everyone to play the greatest work efficiency, to achieve the greatest success, is to replace the low-cost production mode with high-efficiency production mode, in order to strengthen labor cost control.

Main contents: the principle of work quota; principle of standardization; "first-rate workers"; differential piecework wage system; Principles of specialization in management work; Principle of exception.

Scientific management theory is clearly a comprehensive concept. It is not only a thought, a concept, but also a specific operating procedure, which is a guide for specific operations.

They are: first, the replacement of the old empirical management method with a scientific method of dividing each element of the work; Second, the scientific method of selection, training, and development of the staff replaces the previous practice of choosing one's own work and doing what one wants.

Thirdly, communicate regularly with workers to ensure that all the work they do is consistent with the principles of scientific management; Finally, managers and workers should have essentially equal work and responsibilities. Managers will take their proper share of responsibility, whereas in the past, almost all of the work and most of the responsibilities were placed on the workers.