Liu Zaifu s social evaluation, Mr. Liu Zaifu who is the most pitiful person in China

Thinking about the vicissitudes of Chinese history, and seeing the ups and downs of some big figures, a question came up to ask and answer himself. The question is, "Who is the most pitiful person?" The answer was: "Confucius." ”

The first to give the word "pitiful" to Confucius was Lu Xun. In his essay "Confucius in Modern China", he said: "All kinds of powerful people used all kinds of white powder to make up for him, and raised it to a terrifying height.

But compared to the Shakyamuni imported later, it is really pitiful. It is true that every county certainly has a holy temple, that is, the Temple of Literature, but it looks lonely and cold, and ordinary people will never go to worship, and if they want to go, it is a Buddhist temple or a temple. If you ask the common people:

"And Jieting Essays II") is already "pitiful" when it is carried by the powerful and praised it, not to mention when it is beaten, scolded, and condemned.

Due to historical and political factors, there have always been two misunderstandings in Chinese's understanding of aristocracy: first, it is not rich or expensive; Second, it has become a derogatory term. Confucius said:

Rich and noble, people do what they want; If you don't get it by your way, you can't get it everywhere ("The Analects of Liren")" It can be seen that there is no absolute correlation between wealth and nobility, that is, there are rich but not noble, the so-called "rich is not benevolent".As for how not to be rich but expensive? Chen Duxiu said, "Those who have an independent heart and are brave are called aristocratic morality" ("To the Youth").

Therefore, "aristocracy" can be the "hereditary ruling class" as explained in the Chinese dictionary, but "aristocratic spirit" is not necessarily monopolized by the "nobility". At least it can be not flattering, not coquettish, not begging, not pitiful, right? Maybe you can also have gentlemanly demeanor, humanistic care, independent spirit and a sense of equality, right?

The opposition of the aristocratic spirit is not civilian literature, not national literature, and the opposition of the aristocratic spirit is the spirit of servants, hooligans, and ruffians, not the spirit of commoners, which is a great conceptual dislocation. Many of us civilians have an aristocratic spirit. is like the Qingwen in "Dream of Red Mansions".

Scholar Liu Zaifu believes that among the four famous novels, which belong to the archetypal culture, are "Dream of Red Mansions" and "Journey to the West".

See "Liu Zai's Review of the Four Great Masterpieces": "Don't talk about the four famous works in general, I have always separated the four famous novels. I see "Dream of Red Mansions" and "Journey to the West" as China's archetypal culture, while "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin" as pseudo-culture.

Liu Zaifu believes that "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin" are pseudo-cultures, deformed and degenerated.

Appreciation: The so-called archetypal culture is the culture that is authentic and natural, and the culture that has not been distorted and deformed by the cruel life experience of the future. Pseudo-culture is the metamorphosis of archetypal culture.

The heroes in "The Legend of Mountains and Seas" are all heroes who benefit mankind and save people; But later in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin", the heroes have become murderous heroes, destructive heroes, all of whom are scheming; "Dream of Red Mansions" does not have this, the characters in it are completely true and sincere. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is full of intentions, and "Water Margin" is full of murderous intentions.

Introduction: Liu Zaifu was the director of the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, a researcher, the director of the Academic Committee, the editor-in-chief of the Literary Review, and a director of the Chinese Writers Association. After going abroad in 1989, he served as a visiting professor and visiting scholar at the University of Chicago, Stockholm University, the University of British Columbia, and the University of Colorado.

This book is an important literary theory work that appeared in the 80s of the 20th century, focusing on the duality and multiplicity of the characters in literary works. In the literary works before the 80s of the 20th century, the shaping of the characters was too simplistic, and based on the purpose of edification, the positive characters were absolutely well written, and the negative characters were absolutely badly written. This flat image is both detached from the reality of life and from the reality of human nature.

The author of "Theory of Personality Combination" has made in-depth thinking about people and literature, put forward and demonstrated the principle of double combination of character and personality, and explained that human nature is an extremely rich inner world, and character is an extremely complex psychological system. The personality movement, on the other hand, is a two-way contrarian movement, which is both explicit and ambiguous. This book also examines and evaluates the history of the world and China from the aesthetic perspective of character building, and puts forward many unique insights.