How to correctly understand the problem of national assimilation

Assimilation refers to the phenomenon in which one people, or part of it, loses its national identity and becomes another.

According to the definition of national assimilation, we can express it by the formula "a+b=b".

The most important characteristic of national assimilation is that a nation or part of it loses its national consciousness and eventually identifies with another nation, and its members become part of another nation, abandoning their own national name and accepting and using the ethnic name of another nation. As a result of assimilation, new nations were not created, but the assimilated national community was expanded. There are two different paths to ethnic assimilation:

Natural assimilation vs. forced assimilation.

The fundamental criterion that distinguishes between natural and forced assimilation between ethnic groups is the use of political violence and the use of national privileges in the process of assimilation. Assimilation through violence and privilege is forced assimilation and a manifestation of national oppression. For example, after the Manchus entered the customs, they forced the Han people to shave their heads and change their clothes.

Natural assimilation, on the other hand, is imperceptible and naturally arises in the process of mutual interaction between various ethnic groups. Natural assimilation is generally manifested in the assimilation of advanced nations into backward nations, in which the advanced replace the backward, and the backward move closer to the advanced. For example, many nomadic peoples who came to dominate the Central Plains in Chinese history were eventually conquered by the Han culture and assimilated into the Han nationality.

Ethnic assimilation refers to the phenomenon of one ethnic group assimilating into another ethnic group under certain historical conditions. There are two kinds of ethnic assimilation in history. One is natural assimilation, which refers to the fact that a certain ethnic group is influenced by another ethnic group for a long period of time, gradually disappears its own national identity, and assimilates into another ethnic group.

This is a natural and progressive trend in historical folk exhibitions. The other is forced assimilation, which refers to the policy of national assimilation implemented by the reactionary rulers, such as forcing the oppressed nation to accept the language, writing, customs, and habits of the ruling nation, and changing its original national identity. x0dIf some of the Han people really immigrated to Persia, whether they can really assimilate the local ethnic groups depends on the specific situation.

In most cases, it should not be, because since it is an immigration, it is impossible for the vast majority of people to go, it may only be the behavior of some people, and the assimilation of most of them is a strong ethnic group with a large population to a relatively small population and a relatively backward culture. Isn't that the case in China? Many ethnic minorities have been sinicized to varying degrees, and this is the best verification.

The closest to us are the Manchus.

From the wild land in the Northeast to the rich land of the Central Plains, under the cultural influence of the Han people, one by one they became masters of walking dogs and fighting birds, playing mahjong and smoking snuff.

Even the emperors of the Manchus wrote several Chinese characters better than the Manchus.

The fierce children of the Eight Banners have also become a two-gun general with a smoking gun in one hand and a powder gun in the other.

Backward nations will be naturally assimilated by advanced nations. The advanced nations will be forcibly assimilated by the backward ones. It is difficult to say who assimilated the Han people during the Manchu Qing Dynasty, while the assimilation of the ancient Indians by the backward Aryan people, and the assimilation of the advanced Mycenaeans by the backward Greeks are all examples of backward assimilation and advanced assimilation.

I don't think at all that the ancient Indians, who became slaves, can be said to have assimilated themselves into the Yarians. Linguistic assimilation, apparently, can only occur in the first case. For example, although the assimilation process in Baiyue in southern China lasted for more than 1,000 years, it was indeed naturally assimilated.

As for the Wuhu upstairs, it's a bit reluctant.

Ethnic assimilation is divided into two types: forced assimilation and natural assimilation.

Natural assimilation. The general manifestation is that when a relatively backward nation interacts with a relatively advanced nation, it naturally absorbs the culture of the advanced nation, gradually changes, and finally completely loses its own national characteristics and becomes another nation.

The whole process is voluntary, and it does not involve violence, privilege or any form of coercion. However, there is also a struggle in the process of assimilation, and there are often minorities among the assimilated peoples, especially the ruling class.

The authorities tried to stop the trend of assimilation by means of an executive order, but the result was always unstoppable. This is because natural assimilation is the replacement of backward by the advanced, the inevitable trend of historical development, and it is not subject to human will.

Forced assimilation. Forced assimilation is the use of violence or privilege by a people to force other peoples to give up their national identity and become part of it. This phenomenon is mainly manifested in the coercion of the ruled class by the ruling class that rules the nation. Such as Wang Mang's new dynasty.

At that time, the Huns were forced to change the title of the Xiongnu to the title of Han nationality, and the name of the Xiongnu to the name of the Han people. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu rulers forced the Han Chinese to wear Manchu clothes and shave their hair according to their customs. The Beiyang warlord government and the Kuomintang-Party-government forced schools in many ethnic minority areas to use only Chinese and Chinese as instruction, and not to use the spoken and written languages of each ethnic group.

1. Ethnic assimilation: the phenomenon of a nation or a part of it losing its own national characteristics and becoming another nation. Ethnic assimilation can be divided into two types: natural assimilation and forced assimilation.

Natural assimilation refers to assimilation without human intervention. Forced assimilation, on the other hand, is distinguished by natural factors or human interventions that lead to assimilation. There is no such thing as good or bad.

2. Ethnic differentiation: refers to the phenomenon of a part of the ethnic group differentiating from the original ethnic group, which is often caused by intra-ethnic differences.

3. Ethnic combination: refers to the phenomenon that part of the ethnic group or part of it is regrouped into a new ethnic group under specific conditions.

4. National integration: National integration is the integration of two equal ethnic groups on the basis of long-term common growth, and the ethnic differences can finally disappear and merge into a new nation. Migrants live together and intermarry with each other, and various ethnic groups learn from each other and develop together.

5. Ethnic extinction: Generally refers to the result of national integration of nations all over the world. Chinese academics also often refer to the complete assimilation of certain ethnic groups by other ethnic groups in history as "extinction", such as the Xiongnu, Qian, Huaiyi and other ethnic groups that no longer exist as "extinction".

1. Ethnic assimilation refers to the social phenomenon and social process in which a nation loses its own national characteristics, accepts the characteristics of other nationalities, and becomes an integral part of other nationalities in the process of its own development and social exchanges. Ethnic assimilation is divided into two types: forced assimilation and natural assimilation.

2. Ethnic differentiation refers to the phenomenon of a part of an ethnic group being separated from the original ethnic entity, which is often caused by the isolation of the ethnic groups living in different areas due to ethnic migration and other reasons.

3. Ethnic composition refers to the phenomenon of a part of a nation or a part of it being reunited into a new nation under certain conditions.

4. National integration refers to the phenomenon in which the national characteristics of all nations in the world are integrated on the basis of long-term growth of commonality, and ethnic differences eventually disappear as a whole.

5. The extinction of nations refers to the phenomenon in which all ethnic groups in the world have achieved national harmony through national integration, and national entities have disappeared by themselves as objective beings. National integration is the way and way of national disappearance, and national disappearance is the result of national integration. The day when national integration is realized is the time when the nation finally dies out.

Fusion is when two or more ethnic groups have left their own characteristics, forming a nation that is different from the original one. For example, the Manchus are a fusion of the Han people, the Jurchen people, and the Mongolian people. Assimilation is when one ethnic group loses most of its characteristics and becomes another, for example, many ethnic minorities in the southeast have become Han Chinese.

The Han nationality was originally a multi-ethnic fusion nation, from the recorded Di people and Rong people who existed during the Zhou Dynasty, to the later Xianbei, Rouran, Xiongnu, Hu, most of the Mongols, Manchus, and Qiangs, at least more than 400 ethnic groups were integrated into the Han people. The Han nationality has had a strong assimilation power since ancient times, because the Han nationality has not excluded the integration of other ethnic groups since ancient times, and does not exclude the Han people from intermarrying with other ethnic groups. In addition, there is a strong feudal culture, that is, Confucianism and unified writing, a developed ideological system and a developed writing are the cornerstone of national unity and progress, the Han nationality has a developed writing since the Shang Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty has unified the writing, and the Han Dynasty has a unified ideological system.

These things are not possessed by the ethnic minorities around the Han people, so although the Mongols and Manchus once served as the supreme rulers of China, their culture and writing were backward, and they could only accept the advanced Han culture, and not only did not talk to the Han people, but were assimilated by the Han people.

The above is the advantage of the Han nation, which does not exclude the tradition of foreign integration and the developed writing and ideological system.

The Han people are relatively strong enough, and the alien race is relatively not strong enough, which is the reason why the Han people can exist to this day. If the Han people had no backbone and did not dare to resist, in the face of the enemy, it would not have been a large population, and the land would have been wiped out a long time ago. The constant resistance of the Chinese eventually defeated the alien race.

1. The time of occurrence is different.

1) Assimilation of nationalities is possible throughout the development of the nation. It is a unilateral change of individual nationalities, and the result is only the disappearance of individual nationalities and the relative decrease in the number of nationalities, while the national phenomenon still exists.

2) National integration is achieved after human society enters the communist society, and it is a change in all ethnic groups in the world, and as a result, the national differences and ethnic boundaries of human beings disappear. The nation naturally disappears as an objective entity, and a new human unity emerges.

2. The scope of occurrence is different.

1) Forced assimilation of nationalities is carried out by means of violence and privilege.

2) National integration is not the result of the recognition of people by virtue of violent privileges, but the natural historical development process of natural forces on the basis of the development of the productive forces of society.

Ethnic integration is the mutual exchange of two ethnic cultures and bloodlines, not one ethnic group becoming another, just like the merger of Peking University and Beijing Medical University, each of which retains its own unique nature. National assimilation is a fascist act, the annexation of one nation to another, the complete loss of the identity of another nation, and is mandatory, just like Hewlett-Packard's acquisition of Compaq.

Ethnic integration is the integration of two equal ethnic groups on the basis of long-term common growth, and the ethnic differences can finally disappear and merge into a new nation.

The so-called assimilation of nationalities refers to the phenomenon in which one nation (or part of a nation) accepts the characteristics of another nation, gradually loses its own characteristics, and finally becomes another nation. This process of change, if it is achieved by coercive means such as violence or privilege, is called forced assimilation. On the contrary, if this process of change is achieved in a natural situation, it is called natural assimilation.

Natural assimilation is a progressive phenomenon in development, while forced assimilation is based on the suffering of the assimilated people, is contrary to the will of the assimilated people, and is a manifestation of national oppression.

Characteristics of national assimilation.

1) Assimilation is a process. National assimilation is a complex social process, with a process from quantitative change to qualitative change.

2) The coexistence of human trembling and natural factors in the transformation of the nation and Zen. Forced assimilation is thought to be the result of factors; Natural assimilation is a phenomenon that occurs naturally under certain conditions, and it is a natural socio-historical process.

3) The natural assimilation of ethnic groups is a form of approaching a higher level of economy and civilization. The assimilation subjects in natural assimilation must have a higher degree of development than the assimilated nations, in which economic power and cultural level play a decisive role.

4) Ethnic assimilation first involves the revealed national characteristics, such as language, culture, customs, etc.

5) Ethnic assimilation is a phenomenon of the national process.