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The Renaissance was a profound cultural and ideological change that took place in many European countries from the 14th to the 16th centuries, and it was a bourgeois anti-feudal and anti-church ideological and cultural movement formed under the historical conditions of the disintegration of European feudal society and the budding of capitalism, which announced the end of the Middle Ages and the birth of modern society.
The Renaissance was a great impact on the feudal ideological system launched by the bourgeoisie in a secular form by borrowing the positive elements of ancient culture, and it concentrated in the fields of philosophy, education, literature, art and other ideological and cultural fields.
The "Renaissance" does not refer to simply resurrecting the ancient slave culture, but to destroy the feudal religious ideology centered on "gods" with the help of the spirit of ancient culture, and to establish a bourgeois ideological and cultural system centered on "people".
Humanist thought is everywhere characterized by a rivalry with medieval feudalism. It opposes God with man, preaches human human rights, and opposes divine theocracy.
During the Renaissance, religious literature and aristocratic literature continued to exist in European countries, and folk poetry, legends, jokes, fables, dramas and other literary works were also popular, but after the rise of humanist literature, it spread to various countries with its rapid momentum and became the mainstream of European literature at that time.
During this period, the humanist literature of Europe had more distinctive national characteristics, was richer in national history, and was full of patriotic feelings. Humanist writers abandoned the Latin language that had been used in writing books and speeches since the Middle Ages and wrote in their own national languages, which not only gave literary works a national form and style, which was accepted by the broad masses of the people, but also had a positive impact on the formation and stability of various nation-states in modern times. In terms of creative methods, humanist writers abandoned medieval literary symbolism, allegory, fantasy and other expression methods, and attached great importance to realism, humanist writers described the vast social life, created a series of immortal artistic images, and enriched the realist tradition of European literature.
Many genres in modern European literature laid the foundations during the Renaissance, such as sonnets in poetry, short and long stories that matured, plays that broke the boundaries of tragicomedy, and essay-style prose.
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1. The Renaissance was the first bourgeois ideological emancipation movement in history.
2. Promote the development of world culture, promote the awakening of the people, start the journey of modernization, and make the necessary ideological and cultural preparations for the development of capitalism.
3. Ideological mobilization and preparation for the bourgeois revolution.
In England, Thomas More and Shakespeare are represented. Thomas More was a well-known humanist thinker and the founder of utopian socialism. His Utopia, written in Latin in 1516, was the first work of utopian socialism.
Shakespeare was a genius dramatist and poet, who, along with Homer, Dante and Goethe, is known as one of Europe's four epoch-making writers.
His works have a complete structure, vivid plots, rich and concise language, and outstanding personalities, such as "Hamlet" and "King Lear", which represent the highest achievements of European Renaissance literature and have a profound impact on the development of European realist literature.
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There are many aspects that have an impact.
Literary aspects. Writers everywhere began to use their own dialects instead of Latin for their literary creations, which led to popular literature, injecting a large number of literary works into various languages, including **, poems, essays, ballads, and plays.
Astronomy Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus published his Theory of the Movement of the Celestial Bodies in 1543, in which he proposed a heliocentric system that differed from Ptolemy's geocentric system. The Italian thinker Bruno declared in books such as "On Infinity, the Universe and the Worlds" and "On Cause, Origin and Unity" that the universe is infinite in space and time, and that the sun is only the solar system and not the center of the universe.
Mathematics In Europe before the 16th century, mathematics was still the main subject of training in parish schools and monasteries, including arithmetic geometry and astronomy, but the level of mastery required was low. The sons of merchants, on the other hand, were able to learn mathematics in accounting, navigation, and surveying in schools and artisan workshops. Since then, mathematics has ceased to be the monopoly of mathematicians, and its knowledge and skills have become a science mastered by the public.
In physics, Galileo discovered the three laws of free fall, throwing objects and oscillation through many experiments, which gave people a new understanding of the universe. His pupil Torricelli experimentally proved air pressure and invented the mercury column barometer; French scientist Pascal discovered the law of propagation of pressure in liquids and gases; British scientist Boyle discovered the law of gas pressure.
Formal innovations usually came later than other art forms, and the Renaissance was no different: it is believed that the Renaissance was probably about two hundred years later than the Renaissance in Italian literature or painting.
ArchitectureRenaissance architecture is an architectural style that was born in Italy in the 14th century with the Renaissance as a cultural movement.
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The main thing is that the bourgeoisie has grown, and then the royal family is getting weaker and weaker, and now the poor don't want it.
The first is the discovery of man. In contrast to the Middle Ages, the Renaissance brought about a series of great changes in the ideological realm. The most striking change is about the change in human values. >>>More
Summary. Because I was influenced by my family since I was a child, I was very interested in art, but due to limited conditions, I didn't have the opportunity to learn too much about it. Last semester, by chance, I audited this foreign art masterpiece appreciation class with my friends, and I decided to take this course this year. >>>More
There are many factors, the main one being the economy.
The culture of the Italian Renaissance.
Man and nature in the Renaissance. >>>More
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