How does the memory store information?

Memory (semi-conductor memory) is a kind of memory that uses semiconductor circuits as storage**, and internal memory is composed of semiconductor integrated circuits called memory chips.

According to its function, it can be divided into: random access memory (referred to as RAM) and read-only memory (read-only ROM).

RAM includes DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) and SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), and information is lost when the power is shut down or power is off. DRAM is mainly used for main memory (the main part of memory), and SRAM is mainly used for cache memory, ROM

Mainly used for BIOS memory.

According to its manufacturing process, it can be divided into: bipolar transistor memory and MOS transistor memory.

According to its storage principle, it can be divided into two types: static and dynamic.

Its advantages are: small size, fast storage speed, high storage density, and easy interface with logic circuits.

It is mainly used as cache memory, main memory, read-only memory, stack memory, etc.

The technical indicators of semiconductor memory mainly include:

3.Access Period: The minimum amount of time between two independent memory operations.

4.Mean Time Between Failures MTBF (Reliability).

5.Power consumption: dynamic power consumption, static power consumption.

In ancient times, information was recorded in the form of writing, printing, etc., on stone, bamboo, silk and paper, forming a book.

In modern times, it is recorded on paper in the form of writing, printing, etc. After the invention of photographic video technology, it was possible to record screen information.

Modern, mainly based on hard disk or cloud service storage for print and data.

The storage of information is an important aspect of the information system, if there is no information storage, it is not possible to make full use of the information that has been collected and processed, and at the same time, it will cost money, manpower and materials to organize the re-collection and processing of information. With information storage, it can be guaranteed to be available at any time, creating conditions for the multi-functional use of unit information, thus greatly reducing costs. The advantage is that the access speed is extremely fast and the amount of data stored is large.

Information storage should determine what information exists on which medium lines are appropriate. In general, voucher documents should be stored on paper media; storage of business documents on paper or tape; Master documents, such as archival materials on the structure and personnel of the enterprise, inventory accounts of equipment or materials, should be stored on disk for online retrieval and query.

In ancient times, information was recorded in the form of writing, printing, etc., on stone, bamboo, silk and paper, forming a book.

In modern times, it is recorded on paper in the form of writing, printing, etc. After the invention of photographic video technology, it was possible to record screen information.

Modern, mainly based on hard disk or cloud service storage for print and data.

Storage medium. Paper.

Advantages: large stock, small size, cheap, good permanent preservation, and not easy to alter. It's as easy to save numbers, text, and images as possible.

Disadvantages: Slow transmission of information, inconvenient retrieval.

Film. Advantages: High storage density. Easy to query.

Disadvantages: Reading must go through the interface device, inconvenient, **expensive.

Computer. Advantages: Extremely fast access and large amount of data stored.

Information storage should determine what information exists on which medium lines are appropriate. In general, voucher documents should be stored on paper media; storage of business documents on paper or tape; and the master file, such as the corporate structure within the enterprise; Personnel dossier; Inventory accounts of equipment or materials should be kept on disk for online retrieval and query.

There are two basic types of reservoirs: ROM and RAM.

ROM (Read-Only Memory): In a ROM, read-only data is pre-recorded and cannot be moved. ROMs are not easy to lose, that is, they retain their contents regardless of whether the computer is powered on or off.

Most PCs have small ROMs and are mainly used to store critical programs, such as those used to start the Calculating Calculator. In addition, ROMs are also used in calculators and peripherals, such as laser printers, where fonts are stored. There are also some extended variables in the ROMs, such as programmable read-only memory (PROM), which uses a dedicated PROM programmer to write data on a blank chip.

RAM (Random Access Memory): The contents of this memory can be accessed (read, write, and moved) in any order and out of order. This is in contrast to time-series memory devices, such as tapes, records, etc., where the mechanical movement of the storage medium forces the computer to access data in a fixed order.

RAM is usually responsible for the main storage tasks in a computer, such as the storage of dynamic information such as data and programs. Common formats for RAM include: SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (Dynamic RAM).

RAM ICs are usually assembled as sockets. Common standard slot types include: SIMM (Single In-Line Memory Module) slot and DIMM (Dual In-Line Memory Module) slot.

In addition, there are memory types such as Flash Memory, NVRAM, and EEPROM, which are obtained by combining RAM and ROM features.

There are two types of data, numeric and non-numerical, and all of this data must be represented in binary form in a computer. A string of binary numbers can represent either a quantitative value, a character, a Chinese character, or something else. A string of binary numbers represents different data and has different meanings.

How is this data organized in a computer's storage device?

Units of data. A bit, transliterated as "bit", is the smallest unit of a computer storage device and consists of the number 0 or 1.

Byte, abbreviated as "b", transliterated as "Beit", abbreviated as "b". The 8 binary bits are grouped together and called a byte, i.e., 1b = 8bit.

Bytes are the basic units in which a computer processes data, i.e., interpreting information in bytes. Typically, an ASCII code occupies 1 byte; A Chinese character national standard code occupies 2 bytes; An integer is 2 bytes; Real numbers, i.e., numbers with decimal points, 4 bytes to form a floating-point form, etc.

Word, the length of data that a computer accesses, processes and transmits at one time is called a word, that is, a set of binary digits as a whole to participate in the operation or processing of the unit. A word is usually made up of one or more bytes and is used to store an instruction or a piece of data.

Word length, the number of digits of a binary number contained in a word is called word length. Different computers, the word length is different, the commonly used word length is 8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits and 64 bits, etc., that is, often said 8-bit machines, 16-bit computers, 32-bit computers or 64-bit computers. For example, if a computer uses 8 binary bits to represent a word, it is said that the machine is an eight-bit machine, or that its word length is 8 bits; For example, if a word consists of two bytes, i.e., 16 binary bits, the word length is 16 bits.

Word length is an important indicator of a computer's performance. The longer the word length, the larger the number of digits processed at one time, and the faster the speed.

Addressing and addressing.

Addressing, the process of numbering a computer's storage unit, is called "addressing" and is done in bytes.

The address, the number of the storage unit is called the address.

Note: The address number corresponds to the storage unit one-to-one, the CPU accesses the information in the storage cell through the unit address, and the information in the storage unit corresponding to the address is the object of the CPU operation, that is, the data or instruction itself. Addresses are also represented in binary encoding, which is usually in hexadecimal for easy identification.

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