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Ground control measurements.

Ground control surveys mainly include plane control surveys and elevation control surveys. The main task of plane control measurement is to determine the plane position of each opening control point, so as to guide the design direction underground according to the opening control point, guide the tunnel excavation, and can penetrate according to the specified accuracy.

The following methods are generally adopted for plane control measurement: direct alignment method, traverse method, triangulation method and GPS method. The task of elevation control measurement is to measure the height difference between the leveling points near the excavation entrance in the two phases according to the design accuracy, so as to lead the unified elevation system of the whole tunnel into the cave, ensure the correct penetration in the elevation according to the specified accuracy, and ensure the correct construction of the tunnel project in the elevation.

Generally, grade level measurement is used in flat areas, and photoelectric ranging triangular elevation measurement is used in hilly and mountainous areas.

Tunnel construction surveys.

1) Measurement of the traverse in the cave and calibration of the entry point.

The construction wire is a kind of wire laid out in the tunnel construction for the convenience of lofting and guiding the excavation face, and the wire point is set while excavating, usually laid along the middle line, and the side length is generally 25 50m. The construction unit also needs to lay the opening point, the entrance point uses the design coordinates and the coordinates of the opening point, adopts the total station or theodolite to calibrate by the polar coordinate method, and the entrance point is equipped with an instrument; Then, the azimuth angle obtained by the polar coordinates is used to calculate the direction, and the distance is measured to determine the entry point.

2) Midline measurement.

Centerline measurement is an important measure to ensure that the tunnel is constructed according to the design requirements. Depending on the construction method, the width of the excavation, and the size of the curve design radius, the method of measuring the center line is also different. Due to the particularity of the materialist method at the entrance of the cave, the median line is divided into a temporary medial line and a permanent median line.

When the tunnel is excavated for about 20m, the temporary center line point should be re-checked and calibrated, and the permanent center line should be calibrated after the inspection meets the requirements. The midline measurement of straight tunnels usually adopts theodolite forward and inverted mirror method, aiming method and laser pointing instrument guidance method.

3) Penetration measurement.

Breakthrough measurement is carried out to make two or more excavation faces correctly connected at a predetermined location according to their design requirements. The following principles should be followed in the penetration measurement: the penetration accuracy should be ensured while determining the correct measurement scheme and measurement method; Each measurement should be checked objectively and independently to prevent errors.

The measurement of the actual deviation after penetration is mainly as follows.

Determination of deviation in the horizontal plane of the roadway: the center line of the roadway at both ends is extended to the joint surface of the roadway through with a theodolite, and the distance between the two center lines is measured, and its size is the actual deviation in the horizontal plane.

Determination of the deviation in the vertical plane of the rolling roadway when the roadway is penetrated: the known elevation control points in the roadway at both ends are measured by level measurement or triangulation elevation measurement, and the elevation closure difference is obtained, which actually reflects the measurement accuracy of the through elevation.

Determination of the actual deviation in the shaft after the shaft is penetrated: after the shaft is penetrated, the center weight ball line can be hung from the ground or from the middle of the upper level of the well to the lower level, and the deviation value between the centers of the shaft can be directly measured, which is the actual deviation value of the shaft penetration.

Summary. Hello dear, the job introduction of tunnel surveying is as follows: analysis 1Job Responsibilities Description:

1. Fully responsible for the inspection, assessment and review of engineering survey, settlement, displacement, etc.; 1. Cooperate with the Ministry of Development to implement the positioning of boundary pillars within the red line; 2. Review the planning and rules of measurement supervision; 3. Review the first-level control measurement in the field, provide the known control points to the construction unit, and review the control points of the construction unit; 4. Participate in topographic and geomorphological surveys and review data; 5. Participate in the review of earthwork and road construction quantities; 6. Spot check the positioning measurement of the construction unit; 7. Spot check the foundation control axis point of each building; 8. Spot check the settlement observation control points and settlement observation points of the construction unit; 9. Spot check whether the pipe network data and structures collected in the site are consistent with the site; 10. Spot check the displacement monitoring of deep foundation pits and high cross-sectional slopes; 11. Spot check the verticality and elevation of the building; 12. Timely raise claims and counterclaim risks, and assist in the collection of relevant rights and evidence; 13. Complete other tasks assigned by superiors.

Hello dear, the job introduction of tunnel surveying is as follows: analysis 1Job Responsibilities Description: 1. Fully responsible for the inspection, assessment and review of engineering surveying, settlement, displacement, etc.; 1. Cooperate with the Ministry of Development to implement the positioning of boundary pillars within the red line; 2. Review the planning and rules for the measurement supervision of bucket socks; 3. Review the first-level control measurement in the field, provide the known control points to the construction unit, and review the control points of the construction unit; 4. Participate in topographic and geomorphological surveys and review data; 5. Participate in the review of earthwork noise and road construction quantity; 6. Spot check the positioning measurement of the construction unit; 7. Spot check the foundation control axis point of each building; 8. Spot check the settlement observation control points and settlement observation points of the construction unit; 9. Spot check whether the pipe network data and structures collected in the site are consistent with the site; 10. Spot check the displacement monitoring of the deep foundation pit and high section slope of the lifting pin socks; 11. Spot check the verticality and elevation of the building; 12. Timely raise claims and counterclaim risks, and assist in the collection of relevant rights and evidence; 13. Complete other tasks assigned by superiors.

Thank you for your inquiry, I hope the above information is helpful to you.

1. Carry out control measurement outside the cave.

First of all, we should establish the plane and elevation control network outside the hole, and the plane control points and elevation control points should be set up near each opening, and serve as the basis for construction lofting.

2. Carry out contact measurement outside the cave and inside the cave.

According to the results of the control measurement outside the hole, the coordinates and elevation of the control point of the hole are calculated, and the different coordinates and elevations of the design of the point to be fixed in the hole are calculated according to the design requirements, and the point to be fixed in the door is collapsed and staked out, which is the contact measurement outside the hole and the inside of the hole.

3. Carry out control measurements in the cave.

The control measurement in the cave mainly includes the plane control measurement in the cave and the elevation control measurement in the cave forest belt crack.

4. Carry out construction surveys in the tunnel.

The construction survey in the tunnel mainly includes: the construction lofting of the tunnel door, the measurement and design of the waist line, the measurement and design of the tunneling direction, the measurement of the center line in the tunnel, the construction lofting of the excavation section and the structure.

Tunnel. A tunnel is an engineering building that is buried in the ground; Tunnels are a form of human use of underground space. Tunnels can be divided into hydraulic tunnels, municipal tunnels, traffic tunnels, and mining tunnels according to their uses.

1. Lofting of the section to be measured.

It can release the center line of the road, the center line of the tunnel or the point of any width from the center line of the road, and record the ground elevation, the distance from the center line of the line to the station of the section to be measured, etc.

2. Cross-sectional measurement.

The instrument is placed in the section to be measured, (the verticality disk is set to the zenith direction to be 0 degrees, clockwise note) the telescope is aimed at another wire point or the center line point is set backwards, and the instrument is aimed at the normal direction of the line edge, which is to ensure the vertical angle reading of the measurement, the line center line side is 270-360 degrees, and the line side side is 0-90 degrees. Record the height of the instrument, the vertical angle of the observation, and the oblique distance. According to personal habits, horizontal distances and height differences can also be recorded.

If there is a large disturbance in the tunnel, you can adjust the vertical dial to 90 degrees or 270 degrees before the instrument is oriented, set the level on the leveling point, and read the tower ruler reading to tease the orange to check the line of sight.

Tunnel and measurement of the strongest black technology, the transformation of the sun, the tunnel measurement of the absolute annihilation or the amount of new technology.

First of all, it is necessary to read the drawings clearly, and here you should be familiar with the operation of the total station. Measurements are made at rear junctions based on known coordinates.

Usually the tunnel is marked with a height mark, so there is no need to measure!

First of all, young age is not a problem, if you have enough ability and work hard and rest assured, the general boss will value you. What the boss is really looking for is someone who can do things for him. Of course, the problem of young age is that the social experience is not enough, the technology is not mature, I hope to be able to talk to the boss well, first learn slowly from the master, from technology to communication.

After all, it is not possible to do engineering without connections, and it is not possible to have technology.

Secondly, if you go it alone, it still depends on your ability, don't be ambitious, down-to-earth, if you have enough resources (including technical ability, networking, capital accumulation, etc.), you can try to go it alone. If you take the job yourself, but you can't write the report or write it poorly, it will be very difficult to take the job in the future.

Take your time, young man, your goal now is the main test, which is good, step by step will come naturally, if the boss does not let you be the master test, then there must be his reasons, or your skills are not mature, or his vision is biased. If you have a problem, you can talk about it, and if you can't talk about it, you can find another way.

The younger brother graduated from high school, just debuted to learn tunnel measurement, the drawings don't know which ones to read, focus on what stool is empty, and pay attention to the drawings to be set into the blind work of Shi Zaosui in order to have a deep understanding Measuring the family tomb is actually very simple The procedure is to use your master's first.

Even if you are just starting to learn, 1,000 is too low.

Some people learn for half a year, a year can be the main test, a month is now about 15,000, some people can not do it alone after two or three years of learning, like your case, it will be impossible to learn half a year, sometimes from the site to the hole will have half a year, a tunnel from excavation to traffic will take two or three years, and so you learn, the peak period of the project will also pass, and immediately face the surplus of personnel, mutual price reduction.

Tunnel measurement, in terms of tunnels: 1. You are required to understand tunnel technology and know all kinds of empirical data (these are not in the book, or they are different from the book), 2. You must be able to understand the drawings, don't think that it is easy to read the drawings, review all kinds of data, find errors or unreasonable design, cannot be implemented, and the process of high difficulty and quality cannot be guaranteed should be found and proposed in advance.

Measurement: 1. It is necessary to be able to program with a calculator, forward and backward calculation of various line elements, vertical curve program, over-under-digging program, etc., and the program should be practical and have a short running time when used, so as to be efficient; 2. Be aware of the layout and adjustment of wires; 3. To be able to endure hardships, many processes in the tunnel must be measured before the next process can be carried out, which requires you to go to work 24 hours a day, of course, as long as the work is completed, you can rest no matter day or night, but the work and rest time is uncertain; 4. Also be in good health, work day and night, poor working environment, poor health, no backup personnel for measurement, it is common for you to go to work when you are sick, unless you are too sick to get out of bed; 5。The measurement speed should be fast, and there can be no mistakes, there is no trivial matter when the measurement is wrong, and the salary will be deducted or even lost money if the error is made, and the slow speed will affect the construction of the subsequent process, which will directly affect the profits of the boss, and the boss will not want you.

Most of the tunnels are contracted by private bosses, the project department does little by itself, you work with private bosses, the salary is not guaranteed, the boss tries to deduct your money, and the salary is not paid monthly, generally you go to the boss to borrow money, and then settle with you after the project is completed, but many bosses will say that there is no money now, and you will go back first, and then remit it to you when you have money, and finally you can't find it.

The most important thing is that the tunnel measurement is not safe, the boss cuts corners, there are many potential safety hazards, run the front view to the face of the face of the paint point, it is common to be smashed by stones, the main test is not safe, as long as there is no place for the second lining, it is possible to fall a piece, just a stone falls from the top of the hole, and the helmet has to be smashed directly on the head, and the other places in the road are directly fractured, not to mention the big stone, even the trolley of I-beam processing can be smashed, if it is smashed, there is no suspense. There are people dead in the tunnel, all of them are private, the boss, the project department, and the owner will suppress the matter (unless the matter is too big, the group of deaths and injuries, and it can't be suppressed), and now the ** is 50 600,000 per person, and it is useless to sue.

That's all I have to say, it's a mess of writing, and when I think of it, I'll write it there, I hope it can help you.

Measurement is easy to learn, as long as a measurement book on the line, their own programming, as long as you enter this door is not difficult, to give you a little advice, you start from the straight line to learn to program the coordinate calculation of any point, and then calculate the circle, ease the curve, and then down to learn the reverse calculation, tunnel lofting, experience is very important, this is a long time to understand.

There is no such thing as paying a deposit, it is a lie to pay a deposit, now a construction site is at least tens of millions of projects, I don't care about your little money, the general private is not their own special survey team, generally won the bid and then looked, I have helped several private bosses, hehe, few people will sign a contract on the construction site, do not do as well as you can just check out and leave!!

If you have a cultural foundation, you can learn, if you don't have a cultural foundation, don't learn it, because there are functions in it, and there are some things you can't understand, if you want to learn, you don't need any deposit to find acquaintances. I specialize in tunneling projects, and I am willing to pay more for the tunnel surveyor I want. I don't like the apprentice who just came out, if the test is crooked, that is not the mark.

So you should be cautious. Measurement is very stressful, so this job should not be done lightly, tunnel measurement is very hard, day and night work. Friend, I recommend not paying a deposit.

It's better not to learn.