I just want to know if soap can be produced in an ordinary family

Grind the soap into powder and use it as a laundry detergent.

Soap is made of grease, wax, rosin, or fatty acids. Soap can be soluble in water and has the effect of washing and decontamination. The various types of soap include soap, also known as toilet soap, metal soap and compound soap.

In fact, soap is a general term for fatty acid metal salts, the number of fatty acid carbon in daily soap is generally 10-18, the metal is mainly sodium or potassium and other alkali metals, and ammonia and some organic alkalis such as ethanolamine, triethanolamine and other special purpose soap. Soaps include laundry soaps, toilet soaps, metal soaps, liquid soaps, as well as related products such as fatty acids, hardened oils, glycerin, etc.

The origin of soap.

The earliest soap recipes originated in Mesopotamia in Western Asia (meaning "the place between two rivers", between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers). Around 3000 B.C., people mixed 1 part oil and 5 parts alkaline vegetable ash to make a detergent, and there are many legends about the origin of soap in Europe. Once, during the festival, there was a sudden heavy rain, and the hairstyle was drenched, but people unexpectedly found that the hair became clean.

Soap is made of lard, mainly lard, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), sodium chloride, ethanol and other materials for dissolution, heating, roasting and a series of steps, oil after the reaction with alkali, the generation of saponification liquid and glycerin, after purification and processing, it is made into soap.

The main raw materials of soap are various animal fats, such as butter, sheep fat, lard, bone oil, and vegetable oils, etc., our common vegetable oils and fats mainly include, rapeseed oil, corn oil, tea seed oil, olive oil, etc., and can not use a single raw material when making soap, because if it is too single, the hardness of the soap will become soft.

What are the types of soaps?

1. General soap: Spice pigments and white soap are pressed into various shapes after grinding, which is the most economical one, and has a good effect on general cleaning and grease removal.

2. Fine grinding soap: also known as "French soap", contains low alkalinity and is made into solid soap after grinding many times, this kind of soap is more expensive, because it is more stable and finer, so it is more commonly used as a face wash.

3. Floating water soap: It is a kind of soap with slightly higher humidity and no grinding, which is easy to contain air characteristics when used, easy to float on the water surface, the cleaning effect is not bad but it is difficult to maintain humidity, it is easy to change shape and change color after storage, and it should be used when it is fresh.

4. Oily soap: add a high concentration of oil when grinding, and a layer of oil will be formed on the surface of the ** when cleaning, which is suitable for people with dry skin, but the washing effect is slightly worse. Because it is often used on babies, it is also called baby soap.

5. Transparent soap: contains more than 10 glycerin and some vegetable oils, which is smooth after use, very similar to oil-based soap, and is often used for people who wash their faces or have dry skin.

6. Special types of soap: such as liquid, gelatinous, or medical, need to add fungicides, scrubs, drugs, deodorants, etc. The cleaning liquids and emulsions produced by cosmetics companies are not liquid soaps, but emulsions or creams containing emulsifiers, which are mainly designed to remove special cosmetics.

7. Essential oil soap: Different from general soap, essential oil soap is extracted from pure natural plant essence, which is mild in nature and contains moisturizing oily ingredients, so it will not be very dry like other soaps. And the alkalinity of essential oil soap is very weak, and it will not hurt **.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Soap.

In ancient times, it was customary for people to apply olive oil to their bodies to wash their bodies. They are also washed with fruit juice and ash from various plants. By the first century A.D., we had come to know two kinds of soap, one soft and the other hard, which Pliny described as an invention that made hair shine and praised the inventor Gaul.

More than a hundred years ago, Americans began making soap at home.

Soap is made from boiled fats and oils plus alkali. In large soap factories, fats and alkalis are first boiled in a large pot, a process called "saponification". Towards the end of the process, salt is added, which causes the soap to float onto the top of the pan, containing glycerin, dirt, and some excess alkaline brine or salt solution to the bottom of the pan and disembark.

This process is repeated five or six times so that the fat is completely saponified.

The next step is to continuously add various ingredients to make it smooth, such as fragrances, colorants, water softeners and preservatives. After this process is completed, the hot, dissolved soap is formed into strips, blocks, granules, flakes and balls. Soap goes through a "crushing" process, crushing it to dry, and then rolling the pieces into flakes.

Xueersi light lesson "Gift Flower Egg" soap.

The process of making soap includes refining, saponification, salting-out, washing, and alkali precipitation. Finally, it is produced into soap.

1. Refining. Remove impurities from the grease. Commonly used refining processes include de-ejaculation, alkali refining (deacidification) and decolorization. Degumming is to remove phospholipids and other colloids from oil, hydrate phospholipids and other colloids with water, and then precipitate the hydration method; and acid refining method to carbonize phospholipids and similar impurities with concentrated sulfuric acid.

2. Saponification. After refining, the oil undergoes a saponification reaction with the alkali. The boiling method is the main method of saponification, and the soap pot is cylindrical or square.

In addition to the conveying pipes equipped with grease, lye, water, brine, etc., it is also equipped with direct steam or steam coils to pass in the steam and stir the soap.

3. Salting-out. In the closed soap, add salt or saturated salt water to separate the soap from the dilute glycerol water. The lowest concentration at which soap is precipitated is called the salting out limit concentration. After the closed soap glue is salted, the upper layer of soap is called soap grains; The lower layer of salted glycerin water is drained from the bottom of the soap pan to **glycerin.

Fourth, washing. After separating the waste liquid, add water and steam to boil the soap particles to make them into uniform soap glue from the precipitated state, and wash out the residual glycerin, pigments and impurities.

5. Alkaline precipitation. In order to completely saponify the residual oil in the soap particles, the glycerin, salt, pigments and impurities in the soap grains are further washed out by alkaline precipitation. The lowest concentration of alkali that is completely precipitated from alkaline water is called the limit concentration of alkaline water.

The upper layer is pure soap base, and the lower layer is soap feet. The soap foot is dark in color and has many impurities, and is generally reused in the next pot of alkali precipitation.

(1) Wetting effect to make textiles or other solid substances can be wetted by water, for this reason any detergent must be surfactant, which can reduce the surface tension of water and make water molecules easy to penetrate into the fabric tissue.

2) Emulsifying power After the dirt is surrounded by soap or detergent molecules, it is easy to disperse into the liquid to form an emulsion, so the detergent is also required to reduce the surface tension of the water.

3) Dispersion or colloidal dissolution This requires that the detergent molecule is a dispersant, turning oil stains and dirt into a dispersed colloidal solution, which mainly relies on the adsorption attraction of the electric double layer formed by the detergent and water.

4) Protective effect: Protect colloidal particles from aggregation and precipitation.

5) Dirt-carrying capacity The ability to prevent dirt from re-depositing on the fabric.

6) Foaming force Blistering is a very common phenomenon in the washing process, but it is not the main property of surfactants in detergents. The foaming is determined by the directional adsorption of detergent molecules at the interface, which is closely related to the reduction of surface tension, which indirectly increases the dirt-carrying capacity of the detergent.

To sum up, the process of soap decontamination is a rather complex process, and the washing sewage is actually a comprehensive dispersion system of emulsion, suspension, foam and colloidal solution, and the decontamination process is a synthesis of a variety of colloidal phenomena.

Ingredients: soap mold, glycerol saponin, walnut kernel, argan oil to taste.

Operation steps: 1. Crush the walnut kernels with a tool. Shixiao.

2. Put the glycerol saponin in the search manuscript into a container.

3. Heat the water in a pot until melted.

4. Add argan oil and stir evenly.

5. Add the minced walnuts and stir well.

6. Turn off the heat and set aside to cool.

7. Take it out and pour it into the prepared mold.

8. After cooling for 3 hours, it can be formed, and it can be removed from the mold.

Note: Walnuts can also be left unadded, and the added substances can be selected according to personal preferences; If you want to make soap, turn off the heat and add essential oils while cooling.

It is said that more than 5,000 years ago, a cook who cooked for the king in ancient Egypt accidentally knocked over a pot of oil in the ashes, and when he hurriedly threw it away and came back to wash his hands, he found that his hands were very clean. When the king found out, he asked people to imitate it, and this was the prototype of soap. In 70 A.D., Pliny, a scholar of the Roman Empire, succeeded for the first time in making lumpy soap from mutton fat and plant ash.

Later, it spread to England, and Queen Elizabeth I ordered the construction of a factory to produce soap from boiled mutton fat, caustic soda and other raw materials.

There is also a theory that because the ancients used honey locust to wash clothes in the Yellow River Valley, and then there was no honey locust tree in the Yangtze River Valley, so they found that there was another kind of tree, whose fruit has the same performance as honey locust, which can wash clothes, but it is more fat and plump than honey locust. Therefore, she was named soapseed, also called soap fruit. Later, when artificial stain removers were invented, Biyu was still used"Soap"The word.

So although there is no skinny soap, there is soap that is not fat, that is"Acacia locust"。

The making of soap.

1.Principle. Fat and sodium hydroxide are boiled together and hydrolyzed into sodium and glycerol, which are processed and molded into soap.

Dismissal Jane 2Supplies.

150 and 1 300ml beaker, glass stick, alcohol lamp, asbestos net, tripod, lard (or other animal or vegetable fat or oil), NaOH, 95% alcohol, saturated salt water.

3.Operate. 1) In a 150ml beaker, hold 6 g of lard and 5 ml of 95% alcohol, then add 10 ml of 40% NaOH solution. Stir with a glass rod to dissolve it (heat over a slight heat if necessary).

2) Place the beaker on an asbestos net (or in a water bath) over low heat, stirring constantly with a glass holder. During the heating process, if the alcohol and water are evaporated and reduced, they should be replenished at any time to maintain the original volume. For this purpose, a mixture of alcohol and water (1 1) 20 ml can be pre-prepared for addition.

Take out a few drops of the sample from the rod and put it into the test tube, add 5 6ml of distilled water to the test tube, heat and shake. When standing, there is oil separation, indicating that the saponification is incomplete, and the lye can be added dropwise to continue the saponification.

4) Slowly add 20ml of hot distilled water to the saponified viscous liquid and stir to make them miscible. Then slowly pour the viscous liquid into a 150ml hot saturated salt solution, stirring as you go. After standing, the soap and stool salt stockings and pants are precipitated and floated, and the soap can be taken out with a glass rod after all the soap is precipitated and the bridge is solidified, and the soap is made.

2) If you do not use a water bath, you must use low heat.

3) During the saponification reaction, the original volume of the mixture should be maintained, and the mixture in the beaker should not be boiled dry or splashed outside the beaker.

The method and recipe of soap are as follows:

12 ounces of distilled water, 1 can of vegetable shortening, 6 ounces of lye, 8-8 inches of container.

Step 1: Pour the shortening into the enamel pot and place on the stove to melt. Heat the lye in another enamel pot.

Step 2: Pour cold distilled water in a glass bowl and slowly pour the lye into the water. Stir constantly with a wooden spoon until the mixture is clear.

Step 3: Pour the shortening in another glass bowl and add the above lye and distilled water mixture. Pour in slowly and stir constantly. Make sure that the heat of both liquids can be touched by hand.

Step 4: When the above solution becomes viscous, you can add different additives, spices, oils or herbs and mix well.

Step 5: The next step is to pour the solution into a container and place the mold in a warm and insulated place to keep it for more than 24 hours.

Step 6: Cut the above large soap into the desired pieces and store it in a dry place to dry. They will be ready to use after three weeks. After learning how to make your own lye soap, it's time to try your own home soap.

How to make homemade natural soap.

Step 1: Mix rosemary and lavender leaves and grind them into a powder with a food processor.

Step 2: Bring the water to a boil and pour it into a glass bowl and add 6 tablespoons of the above powder.

Step 3: After 10 minutes, add the rosemary and lavender essential oils to the bowl.

Step 4: Melt the glycerin soap in a saucepan, mix the above solution and stir continuously until smooth.

Step 5: Pour the mixture into the mold and let it sit for at least a month.

Step 6: After a month, remove the soap from the mold. The soap can be wrapped in plastic film and butter paper and stored.