Seeking the internal connection between Chinese Confucianism and the trend of great unification, abo

Also known as Confucianism or Confucianism, it is based on"Benevolence is the core"with"People are expensive"The ideological system of Confucianism, abbreviated as Confucianism, is the most important traditional culture in China.

The nine core ideas: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith, forgiveness, loyalty, filial piety, and devotion have a profound impact on China.

The latest research results put forward in "Tong Zi Wen Yi" published by the People's Publishing House believe that the core of Confucianism, as far as the individual is concerned, is the "Five Elements" thought of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and sacredness;

As far as society is concerned, it is the idea of morality, that is, fraternity, welfare, fairness (covering "China"), justice (covering "righteousness"), honesty, trustworthiness, reform, innovation, civilization, harmony, democracy, rule of law, etc., which is the cornerstone of our society's core values.

1. Benevolence: benevolence. The theoretical core of Confucius's ideological system.

It is the highest ideal and standard of Confucius's social, political, ethical and moral standards, and also reflects his philosophical views, which has a profound impact on later generations. "'Benevolence, orderliness and harmony' is the original point of Confucius's thought and the core of Confucianism. ”

Benevolence is embodied in politics is emphasized"Virtue rule"The basic spiritual essence of the rule of virtue is to love the public and give to the public, and Confucius introduced benevolence into the ritual and changed the tradition"Etiquette"for"Virtue rule", he did not deny"Etiquette", his"Morality.

The status of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty changed: Confucianism advocated moral governance, etiquette and etiquette, and paid attention to the influence of social morality; The Legalist school advocates "breaking off from the law", promoting the legal system, and focusing on violent acts of governance; Taoist priests advocate conforming to nature and "governing by non-action", and the three have a certain diversity. Through the governance practice activities in the early years of the Qin and Western Han dynasties, it has been confirmed from both positive and negative aspects:

In turbulent times, warlords fought each other and could not use Confucianism to promote the unification of the whole country, but the Legalist school would have this effect; When the turmoil is over, the population is withering, and the production and manufacturing are destroyed, the Taoist priests should be carried out to rest with the people in order to repair and develop production; When the country is stable and on the track of normal operation, it is not possible to implement violent acts of harsh punishment and strict laws to govern, and Confucianism is the most suitable way.

The three show a trend of combining with each other. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu took the Confucian path as the carrier, the Legalist school as the assistance, and adopted the effective concepts of Taoism, laying the basic layout of the ruling thinking of the feudal dynasty. From now on, with Confucianism and social morality as the core, with the help of the strict punishment and strict laws of the Legalist school, and the Taoist power to seek government and metallurgy as the starting point, most of the French way conforms to the basic national conditions of ancient China, and has become the eternal and unchanging governing principle of the ruling class of all generations.

Dong Zhongshu's Neo-Confucianism has the characteristics of external Confucianism and internal law. Based on the "Ram Spring and Autumn Period", Dong Zhongshu combined the religious belief of the Zhou Dynasty to the present, the Tiandao view, the Yang-Yin, and the Five Elements Theory, digested and absorbed the concepts of the Legalist school, the Taoist priest, and the Yin-Yang family, and created a new theoretical system. Therefore, from the perspective of ideological content, Dong Zhongshu's neo-Confucianism integrates Confucianism, Yin and Yang Five Elements, Huang Laozhi and Legalism, and is no longer the original state of Confucianism in the Spring and Autumn Period, but is mixed with some concepts of Taoism, Legalism and Yin and Yang Five Elements, which is a new development concept that keeps pace with the times.

In particular, Dong Zhongshu's Neo-Confucianism is based on the impermanence of the Three Principles and the Supreme Principle of Imperial Power; It is believed that the moral master is punished, and Ren De is not punished; Clearly put forward the introduction of scriptures and sentences; The development trend of the concept of execution in autumn and winter, along with the Han Wu Emperor Liu Che adopting Dong Zhongshu's "Eight Shares of Scholars" opinion, with Neo-Confucianism as the main feature, the legal thought of capturing heroes in feudal society gradually emerged. At this time, Confucian culture is no longer a kind of moral education, but the rules of the legal system, and it includes the specific content advocated by Confucianism in the legal system, so it has the characteristics of external Confucianism and internal law.

The change of status is that in the early Han Dynasty, Confucianism was not frustrated, and at that time, the thought of Taoism was more influential, but under the influence of later, Confucianism gradually became a unified literature and an important criterion for selection.

Confucianism became more and more important in the Han Dynasty, and finally became a situation of exclusivity, mainly because it was strongly promoted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and because of the continuous reforms of Dong Zhongru.

Answer]: The reason why C is "enduring" is because of its "compatibility" and "development" characteristics, which is in line with historical development.