Knowledge of electrical automation and machinery related to elevators

Summary. Elevator control technology - electrical automatic control involves disciplines such as electrical engineering, automatic control engineering and computer science. It involves the design, installation and maintenance of elevator control systems, as well as the software development and hardware maintenance of control systems.

What disciplines are involved in the control technology of elevators - electrical automatic control.

The control technology of elevators refers to the fiber-electrical automatic control, which involves electrical engineering, automatic control engineering and computer science. It involves the design, installation and maintenance of elevator control systems, as well as the software development and hardware maintenance of control systems. State comma.

What is the history of the development of electrical automatic control technology?

Electrical automatic control technology is a very broad field that includes many different technologies and applications. The development of electrical automatic control technology can be traced back to the early 20th century, when Huihong electrical engineers began to study how to use electricity to control machines.

Ok thanks.

The principle and composition of the elevator control system, as well as the concept of sustainable development embodied in it, can be roughly said.

You have these three questions.,Actually, I only use the first one.。。

All right. The elevator control system is a positive jujube system used to control the operation of the elevator. It is usually composed of components such as computer controllers, sensors, motor slag starters, and elevator doors.

The original working principle of the elevator control system is that when the passenger presses the elevator button in the elevator hall or floor, the elevator controller will receive the request signal. Then, the controller checks the position and movement status of the current elevator and decides the direction of movement of the elevator according to the needs of passengers.

The controller will send a control signal to the motor to control the operation of the motor, thereby pushing the elevator up and down.

Elevator principle structure.

The basic structure of the elevator is: a vertical elevator shaft is placed in a moving up and down.

Car (cab). The elevator shaft wall is equipped with a guide rail, which restricts the movement of the car with the guide shoes on the car. There are two ways to support and lift the car:

Traction type multiple steel cables, the car is suspended on the traction wheel of the machine room at the top of the elevator shaft. The other end of the steel cable is suspended for balanced counterweight. The counterweight is generally the weight of the car with 50% of the load.

When the car moves, the counterweight moves in the opposite direction. The traction pulley relies on the friction between the rough surface of the steel cable and the grooves on the pulley to pull the car. Therefore, when the steel cable or traction pulley is used, it must be replaced in time to prevent slipping.

The electric motor is responsible for driving the traction wheel to rotate and provide power to lift or lower the car. The motor may be either AC or DC. Some motors use gears to drive traction pulleys, while newer and faster elevators are generally gearless.

Some high-rise traction elevators are also weight-compensated: a steel cable or chain is provided under the car and counterweight, which is connected to the ground. The function is to compensate for the weight change caused by the change in the length of the suspended car or the counterweight steel cable.

The traction elevator must have a variety of safety devices to prevent the car from falling due to any reason such as steel cable cracking and brake failure. Minimum safety devices include cable speed limiters installed in the machine room, and safety gears installed on the car and counterweights.

The safety gear is a mechanical safety device invented by Otis in the past, which will automatically tighten the guide rail when accelerating to a certain speed, and stop the car or counterweight. At the bottom of the elevator shaft, there will also be a buffer as a final protection.

Traction elevators generally need to set up a machine room at the top of the elevator. In recent years, new types of traction elevators have been designed, using fiber steel cable composite cables, which can reduce the need for lubrication and maintenance. In addition, the new type of motor is small in size and can be installed in the well wall, eliminating the need for machine room setting.

The hydraulic car is supported and lifted by a plunger underneath, which is hydraulically propelled. Some plungers can be folded in a telescope style to reduce the depth required underground. Some plungers are not breakable, and a hole must be dug in the ground for installation.

Due to the limitations of the plunger, hydraulic elevators are generally only used on buildings with two to five storeys (no more than 20 meters). The advantage of hydraulic elevator is that the machine room can be set up in any position, and it occupies less land and the machinery is relatively simple; There is also less chance of problems in general use. However, it also has the disadvantage of high power consumption and low speed (the speed per second is not higher than 1 meter).

Composition of the traction system.

The main function of the traction system is to output and transmit power to make the elevator run.

The traction system is mainly composed of a traction machine, a traction wire rope, a guide wheel and an anti-rope wheel.

The main function of the guidance system is to limit the freedom of movement of the car and the counterweight, so that the car and the counterweight can only be lifted and lowered along the guide rail.

The guide system is mainly composed of guide rails, guide shoes and guide rail frames.

The car car is an elevator component that transports passengers and goods, and is the working part of the elevator.

The car is composed of a car frame and a car body.

The main function of the door system is to seal the entrance to the landing and the entrance to the car.

The door system consists of a car door, a landing door, a door opener, and a door lock device.

Weight balancing system.

The main function of the system is to balance the weight of the car relatively, and to keep the weight difference between the car and the counterweight within the limit in the elevator work, so as to ensure the normal traction transmission of the elevator. The system is mainly composed of counterweight and weight compensation devices.

Electric drag system.

The function of the electric drag system is to provide power and implement elevator speed control.

The electric traction system is composed of a traction motor, a power supply system, a speed feedback device, a motor speed regulating device, etc.

Electrical control system.

The main function of the electrical control system is to operate and control the operation of the elevator.

The electrical control system is mainly composed of a control device, a position display device, a control panel (cabinet), a leveling device, a layer selector, etc.

Security protection system.

Ensure the safe use of elevators and prevent all accidents that endanger personal safety.

It is composed of elevator speed limiter, safety gear, buffer, safety touch plate, landing door lock, safety window, limit switch and device. The two ends of the principle traction rope are connected to the car and the counterweight respectively, wound on the traction wheel and the guide wheel, the traction motor drives the traction wheel to rotate after changing speed through the reducer, and the traction force generated by the friction between the traction rope and the traction wheel realizes the lifting movement of the car and the counterweight, and achieves the purpose of transportation. The guide shoe fixed on the car can reciprocate along the fixed guide rail installed on the wall of the building hoistway to prevent the car from deflecting or swinging during operation.

The normally closed block brake releases the brake when the motor is working, makes the elevator run, brakes in the case of power failure, makes the car stop lifting, and maintains its static state on the designated landing station for personnel and goods to enter and exit. The car is a box component that carries passengers or other loads, and the counterweight is used to balance the car load and reduce the power of the motor. The compensation device is used to compensate for the tension and weight changes in the traction rope movement, so that the load of the traction motor is stable and the car can be docked accurately.

The electrical system realizes the control of the elevator movement, and completes the floor selection, leveling, speed measurement and lighting work at the same time. Instruct the call system to display the direction of movement of the car and the location of the floor at any time. Safety devices ensure the safety of elevator operation.