What is the most suitable nitrogen carbon ratio for plastic cultured shiitake mushrooms?

In large-scale production, the culture material formula used is based on the nutrient composition of the limb vertical wheel of various raw materials and the carbon and nitrogen ratio (C n) required by shiitake mushrooms for nutrients, respectively, to calculate the dosage and proportion of various raw materials.

If the use of miscellaneous sawdust and bran as raw materials to cultivate shiitake mushrooms, each 1000 tubes of mushroom need 750 kg of miscellaneous sawdust, according to the ratio of carbon to nitrogen to fine dust of 25 1, from Table 5 to know that the carbon content of miscellaneous sawdust is, the nitrogen content is; Wheat bran has a carbon content and a nitrogen content of . So, the amount of bran needed to make each 1000 tubes is as follows:

The total carbon content and total nitrogen content of 750 kg of miscellaneous wood chips are:

Total carbon content = 750 kg).

Total nitrogen content = 750 kg).

The amount of nitrogen source that should be supplemented per 1000 tubes of culture material according to the carbon and nitrogen ratio of 25 1 is:

kg) If the addition of bran is the only source of nitrogen, and the carbon content in the bran is assumed to be negligible, then 750 kg of wood chip medium should be added with the amount of wheat bran as follows: kg.

The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio refers to the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the preparation of edible fungus raw materials. It is generally denoted by "c n". For example, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mushroom culture material is 30 33:

1. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of shiitake mushroom culture material is 64:1. The carbon and nitrogen ratios of some of the main raw materials of edible fungus culture materials are listed in the following table for reference:

Carbon and nitrogen ratio table of commonly used culture materials (dry).

Composition ratio of culture material Carbon (%)Nitrogen (%)Carbon:Nitrogen.

Miscellaneous wood chips, oak wood chips.

Straw and wheat straw. Corn kernels, corn cobs.

Bean straw weeds. Bagasse cottonseed husk 56

Wheat bran and rice bran. Beer trough 6 8

Bean Cake Peanut Cake 49

Rapeseed cake horse manure.

Cow dung Cow dung 24

The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio refers to the ratio of the total amount of carbon in organic matter to the total amount of nitrogen. It is generally denoted by "c n". For example, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mushroom culture material is 30 33:

1. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of shiitake mushroom culture material is 64:1. The appropriate ratio of carbon and nitrogen is conducive to microbial fermentation and decomposition.

1. Carbon source

It is a class of nutrients for microbial growth and is a carbon-containing compound. Commonly used carbon sources are sugars, oils, organic acids, organic esters and small molecule alcohols, and brown sugar, glucose, molasses and so on are generally used in production and fermentation. Different microorganisms can use different carbon sources depending on the enzyme system that the microorganism can produce.

2. Nitrogen source

It is used as a material for proteins, nucleic acids, and other nitrogen compounds that make up living organisms. The nitrogen compounds or nitrogen gas inhaled from the outside world are called the nitrogen source of the organism. The use of nitrogen as a source of nitrogen is limited to nitrogen-fixing bacteria, certain actinomycetes and algae.

Higher plants and molds, as well as some bacteria, can only use inorganic nitrogen compounds as nitrogen sources. Animals and some bacteria can only use organic nitrogen compounds as a nitrogen source. The most important sources of nitrogen in plants are nitrates and ammonia salts of inorganic compounds.

Nitrate generally needs to be reduced to ammonia before it can enter the organism. Organic compounds that serve as nitrogen sources include amino acids, amides, and amines.

Bod5 is generally used for carbon, TN is used for nitrogen, and BOD5 TN, but sometimes COD, i.e., COD TN, can be used for carbon simplification

1 degree Celsius = (1 degree Fahrenheit - 32).

The adjustment of material composition in the composting process is very important, among which the most critical influencing factors are moisture, air permeability, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material, the moisture content should be adjusted to 50-60%, and the air permeability should be good, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio should be between 25-30. The question is, how to determine what is the carbon and nitrogen ratio of compost materials? How can we know if the C/N ratio of the material is appropriate?

In this article, I will briefly introduce the carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment that friends are concerned about.

Carbon is the basic energy of compost microorganisms, but also the basic raw materials of microbial cells, compost microorganisms in the decomposition of carbon-containing organic matter at the same time, the use of part of the nitrogen element to build their own cell body, nitrogen is also an important component of protein, nucleic acid, various enzymes in the cell, under normal circumstances, microorganisms consume 25g of organic carbon, need to absorb 1g of nitrogen, microbial decomposition of organic matter is more suitable for the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is about 25, C n is too high, the nitrogen required for microbial growth and reproduction is limited, The microbial reproduction rate is low, the organic matter decomposition rate is slow, the fermentation time is long, the humification coefficient of the compost is low, and the compost fermentation is not good. If the C n is too low, the energy required for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms** is limited, the fermentation temperature rises slowly, the nitrogen is excessive and released in the form of ammonia, the organic nitrogen is lost largely, and the unpleasant odor is emitted. Therefore, reasonable adjustment of the carbon and nitrogen ratio of compost raw materials is an effective way to accelerate the decomposition of compost.

The total amount of a material is 2 tons, the ratio is 6:4, 1200kg of dry cow dung, 800kg of wheat straw, and the carbon and nitrogen ratio and the amount of auxiliary materials added are calculated.

The carbon content and nitrogen content of wheat straw were found in the table.

The carbon content in 800 kg of wheat straw is: 800

The amount of nitrogen in 800 kg of wheat straw is: 800

Then from the table, it was found that the carbon content of dried cow manure was nitrogen content.

The carbon content in 1200kg of cow manure is: 1200

The nitrogen content in 1200kg of cow manure is: 1200

The total carbon content in the material is:

The total unit content in the material is:

If the c n position of the material is to be adjusted to 30:1, then there should be total nitrogen in the material is.

The amount of nitrogen that needs to be supplemented is:

If urea is used to supplement nitrogen that cannot be supplemented, the amount of urea is used.

How do you know how to adjust the carbon to nitrogen ratio of compost materials now? The data in the above table is a representative of the general situation, conditional composting enterprises had better detect the carbon and nitrogen content of various organic materials by themselves, establish their own material database, will be more accurate, do not underestimate the carbon and nitrogen ratio, this is a very critical control condition for composting, improper adjustment of compost can not be able to ferment normally.

Compost carbon to nitrogen ratio, why is the carbon and nitrogen ratio important? What happens if the ratio of carbon and nitrogen is wrong?

The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (CN) refers to the ratio of the appropriate concentration of carbon source and nitrogen source in the edible fungus culture material. Generally, the carbon and nitrogen ratio should be 20 1 in the vegetative growth stage of edible fungi. The C/N ratio of 30 40 1 was the best during the growth and development of fruiting bodies. Different types of edible fungi and culture materials have different requirements for carbon and nitrogen ratios.

For example, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mushrooms in the mycelial growth stage is 33 1, and the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio in the fruiting body differentiation and development stage is 17 1. If the carbon and nitrogen ratio is too large, edible mushrooms do not produce mushrooms, or although they can produce mushrooms, they often stop developing before maturity. Therefore, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is very important for the growth and development of edible fungi.

Taking mushroom stockpile as an example, how many kilograms of urea or ammonium sulfate need to be supplemented with nitrogen to prepare 1 000 kg of culture material with a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 33 1 (including 400 kg of straw and 600 kg of dry cow manure? �

Quick calculation formula: nitrogen to be supplemented = (total carbon of the main material carbon to nitrogen ratio - total nitrogen of the main material) nitrogen content of the supplementary substance

It was found (known): the carbon content and nitrogen content of straw, the carbon content and nitrogen content of dried cow manure, the nitrogen content of urea 46%, and the nitrogen content of ammonium sulfate 21%. �

Quick Calculation Method:

1) If urea x kg needs to be supplemented, the quick calculation formula is used to obtain:

x= 46% kg).

2) If it is necessary to supplement ammonium sulfate x kg, use the quick calculation formula to obtain:

x= 21% kg).

It is calculated that kilograms of urea or kilograms of ammonium sulfate need to be supplemented; It can also be mixed to supplement urea and ammonium sulfate 50% each.

All substances that constitute carbon ** in edible fungus cells and metabolites are collectively referred to as carbon source substances, referred to as carbon sources. Carbon source is an important nutrient that provides carbon for the growth and development of edible fungi**. About 20% of the carbon absorbed by edible fungi is used to synthesize cell protoplasm and cell wall substances, and 80% is used to maintain the energy required for life activities.

Nitrogen source refers to the nitrogen nutrients that can provide the growth and development of edible fungi. Nitrogen is an indispensable raw material for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The main sources of organic nitrogen used by edible fungi are protein, peptone, urea, amino acids, etc., and edible fungi can also use inorganic nitrogen such as ammonia, ammonium salt and nitrate in small amounts, but the growth rate is stunted.

The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio refers to the ratio of the total amount of carbon in organic matter to the total amount of nitrogen. It is generally denoted by "c n". For example, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mushroom culture material is 30 33:

1. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of shiitake mushroom culture material is 64:1. The appropriate ratio of carbon and nitrogen is conducive to microbial fermentation and decomposition.

The C-n ratio of soil organic matter in the tillage layer (upper 15 cm) usually varies between 8:1 and 15:1, and the median value ranges from 10:1 to 12:1, with little change in the C-n ratio under the same climatic conditions, at least in the same managed soils.

Changes in the c-n ratio are generally related to climatic conditions. For example, the Cn ratio of the soil in the arid region is lower than that in the humid area, and if the annual rainfall is about the same under the condition of about the same temperature, then the soil in the warmer area will have a lower C n ratio than the soil in the cold zone, and the C n ratio of the subsoil layer is generally lower than that of the topsoil layer.

Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio: (C n) The ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the organic matter materials used to make compost, and the appropriate ratio of carbon to nitrogen is conducive to microbial fermentation and decomposition. The ratio of the total amount of carbon in organic matter to the total amount of nitrogen is called the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio.

The ratio of carbon to nitrogen in agriculture in this paragraph.

Generally, the carbon and nitrogen ratio of the stalks of gramineous crops such as rice stalks, corn stalks and weeds is very high, which can reach 60 100:1, and the C/N ratio of the stalks of leguminous crops is small, such as the C/N ratio of 15 20:1 of the general leguminous green manure.

Organic matter with a large carbon-to-nitrogen ratio decomposes and mineralizes more difficult or slowly. The reason is that when a microorganism decomposes organic matter, it needs to assimilate about 1 part of nitrogen to make up its own cell body when it assimilates 5 parts of carbon, because the ratio of carbon to nitrogen of the microorganism itself is about 5:1.

In the case of assimilation (absorption and utilization) of 1 part of carbon, 4 parts of organic carbon are consumed to obtain energy, so microorganisms need to consume 25 parts of organic carbon when they absorb and utilize 1 part of nitrogen. That is, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen for the proper decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms is 25:1.

If the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is too large, the decomposition of microorganisms will be slower and the available nitrogen in the soil will be depleted. Therefore, when applying organic fertilizers with a large carbon and nitrogen ratio (such as rice straw, etc.) or using materials with a large carbon and nitrogen ratio as compost fertilizer, fertilizers with more nitrogen content should be supplemented to adjust the carbon and nitrogen ratio. , generally used to measure carbon and nitrogen Fertilizer with a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio will promote the growth of roots and inhibit the growth of stems and leaves Fertilizer with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio will promote the growth of stems and leaves and inhibit the growth of roots.