What is Wang Guowei s contribution to the development of literary criticism 5

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, China's literary theory criticism ended its classical form and began to develop into literary theory with the characteristics of modern significance. In this major turning point, Wang Guowei played a pivotal role as an important pioneer.

For the first time in the history of Chinese literary criticism, Wang Guowei officially used the concept of "realm" as the highest aesthetic category to regulate classical poetry. However, while he uses this category, he also continues to use another important category of classical aesthetics, "artistic conception". So, what is the meaning of "realm"?

What is the relationship between "realm" and "artistic conception"?

Although there are many opinions on the exposition of the theory of "realm" in the literary and artistic theory circles, there is one place that is surprising, that is, the vast majority of commentators equate "realm" and "artistic conception". Call it "literary image", "the world in the work". This view is undoubtedly one-sided.

What's more, the "realm" mentioned by Wang Guowei is regarded as the "realm". For example, someone said: "The so-called 'realm' is a poetic and picturesque artistic image with 'real scenes' and 'true feelings'."

Yao Quanxing's "A Brief Discussion on the Words of the World", see "The Words of the World and the Compilation of Commentaries"). This proposition that "only a white horse is a horse" is too simple and narrow even for "artistic conception", let alone for the "realm" that reveals the essential laws of art.

The connotation of the word "realm" is undoubtedly much more complex than "artistic conception." The "realm" is summarized as "the necessity of activity" (the study of human habits), which is consistent with the subjective spirit of aesthetics and the creative process, and the "artistic conception" is only a form of expression of this subjective spirit—that is, the "third realm" mentioned above. It is the result of materialized mental activity and the artistic activity regulated by it.

As the voice of the heart, as "the degeneration of the spirit, the collection of the psyche" (Qian Zhongshu's "Tan Yilu", section 86), it has the attribute of stillness. In comparison, the "realm" focuses on the subject, and the "artistic conception" focuses on the text; "Realm" focuses on the facts of representation, and "Artistic Conception" focuses on the form of expression; "Realm" focuses on the process of expression, while "artistic conception" is born from the result of expression; "Realm" can be used as the research object of literary psychology, and "artistic conception" can be used as the research object of literary aesthetics. When Wang Guowei discusses the essential laws of literature, he mainly uses "realm" instead of "artistic conception", as he did in "Words in the World"; When he took the artistry of his works as his research center, he used "artistic conception" rather than "realm", as he did in "History of Song and Yuan Opera".

As a famous scholar in modern China, Wang Guowei has been engaged in literature, history and philosophy for decades, and is the first pioneer in modern China to use Western philosophical, aesthetic and literary views and methods to analyze and comment on Chinese classical literature.

These dynasties are, the imperial words of the Chu State, the Tang poems of the Tang Dynasty, the words of the Song Zhen and the Song Dynasty, the songs of the Yuan Dynasty, the Fu of the Han Dynasty, and the Sao of the Chu State, these are all literary styles in a generation of literature.

Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and other dynasties; Yuan song, Tang poetry, Song poetry, Chu Sao, Han Fu, Pun language.

These dynasties are, Tang poems of the Tang Dynasty, words of the Song Dynasty, songs of the Yuan Dynasty, Ci of the Chu State, Fu of the Han Dynasty, and Punwen of the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

He fused the words of the Chu State, the Fu of the Han Dynasty, the prose of the Wei and Jin dynasties, the poems of the Tang Dynasty, the words of the Song Dynasty, and the songs of the Yuan Dynasty

Reasons: 1. The concept of "literature from generation to generation" already had the connotation of the spirit of the times as early as the late Ming Dynasty, and Wang Guowei formed his own views on the basis of inheriting his predecessors. This argument is mainly a synthesis of the thoughts and sayings of predecessors, so it falls into the thinking of traditional literary theory, specifically referring to the corresponding literary genre of a dynasty.

2. He was deeply influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution, so he was different from the ancient Chinese literary theorists who mostly conducted internal research on literature, and opened up external research that was not blind.

Wang Guowei clearly stated in the "Preface to the History of Song and Yuan Dynasty Opera": "All generations have a generation of literature, Chu Zhishao, Han Zhifu, Linghengyu six generations of Pun Yu, Tang poems, Song songs, and Yuan songs, all of which are so-called literature of a generation, and later generations cannot succeed it."

Gu Ya is the most influential work in Wang Guowei's literary and aesthetic theory.

Xun Ze Guya said: "It has a unique position in Wang Guowei's aesthetic theory. Compared with Wang Guowei's "realm theory", "useless theory" and "genius theory", "Guya theory" reflects different theoretical tendencies, but its spiritual core is consistent, and "Guya" emphasizes the same kind of pure pleasure without interest. As a way of condensing the appearance of "beauty", it has an independent meaning.

As a common feature of artistic beauty, it also reflects the tendency of popularization, which can make the public feel the profound traditional culture in the appreciation of ancient art, so as to enhance the personality cultivation. Mr. Wang Guowei's thinking on the "quaint" provides useful inspiration for the aesthetic education significance of our traditional culture.

Literary aspect:

Wang Guowei's most famous works in literary creation and literary theory are his "Words of the World" and "Words of the World", which constitute a mutually corroborative relationship. The achievement of his lyrics lies in the development of the realm, and the realm is also what "Words of the World" emphasizes.

From the analysis of specific works, Wang Guoweimu's lyrics mostly get rid of the cliché of expressing parting feelings, favoring and humiliating, gains and losses, and focus on showing the tragic fate of individual people in the vast universe, which is a torture of life and soul.

He "often reveals the artistic conception of the universe with a heavy heart and unavoidable brushwork, that is, the inevitable tragedy" (Zhou Cezong's "On the Words of the Kingdom and the World"), so the poems always reveal a sad atmosphere.

As said in "Picking Mulberries": "Life is only like a fierce Zen before the wind, happiness is also sporadic, sorrow is also sporadic, all of them are a little bit of the river." "Discovering the suffering of the world is the opposite of the old ways and contentment of life, and it is the awakening of man.

In this way, the "realm" is given a new connotation, and his words express a philosophical realm, which transcends the realm of ethics.