Why should nuclear power plants be built by the sea?

Whether it is a conventional thermal power station or a nuclear power plant, it is necessary to condense the exhaust steam after the steam turbine is driven to generate electricity, so a large amount of cooling water is required; Due to the high cost of nuclear power plants, in order to dilute the cost, the general unit capacity is very large, and because most of the nuclear power plants have low steam parameters, the heat released through the exhaust steam is much more than that of conventional power plants, therefore, in order to reduce the consequences of thermal pollution, many nuclear power plants are built in coastal areas.

Of course, nuclear power plants are not built only on the coast, as many nuclear power plants in the United States and France are built inland, and the heat of exhaust steam is released into the atmosphere through cooling towers.

It has something to do with the actual situation in our country, and the east is a developed region of our country, with a developed industry. The demand for electricity is large, but our country's energy is mainly based on coal, and most of these resources are distributed in the western region, and the eastern provinces are energy-scarce. If thermal power is built in the east, it will require a large amount of transshipment of coal, which is not economical.

But nuclear power is not the same, they are transported in small quantities. There is also an important reason that there are enough water resources for cooling near the coast. The construction of power plants in the western region also takes into account the shortage of water resources, and power plants are also major water consumers.

The main consideration is to cool with seawater. Because two-thirds of the heat is wasted when heat energy is converted into electrical energy, that is, one-third of the conversion efficiency. Therefore, there is a large heat trap on the seashore, that is, seawater.

For example, the famous Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the former Soviet Union was built on the banks of the Pripyat River (the largest tributary on the right bank of the Dnieper River), and the Taohuajiang Nuclear Power Plant to be built in China was also located on the banks of the Zijiang River. Therefore, to be precise, it is more accurate to say that most of the nuclear power plants are built on the "water" side, and the reason is relatively simple, the nuclear energy reactor of the nuclear power plant needs continuous water for cooling and cooling during the reaction process, and it is more convenient and secure to build it near the water to get water.

However, most of the nuclear power plants that have been operating in the world are still built on the seaside, including the new nuclear power plants built in China in recent years, which are basically located at the seaside, and the nuclear power plants that were planned to be built by the inland riverside, as well as those inland nuclear power plants that have already started half of the construction, have been suspended in previous years because of the nuclear accident in Japan. After all, the power of the nuclear accident is too terrifying, as long as the leakage accident pollutes the surrounding environment, it will not be able to recover for tens or hundreds of years, and the nuclear accident of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is a bloody lesson, so it is safer to build on the seaside than inland.

We must all know the news that Japan plans to discharge Fukushima nuclear wastewater into the ocean some time ago, in fact, aside from the country, security and other factors, simply looking at the location, Japan must be glad that the site of the Fukushima nuclear power plant was located by the sea, if the leakage accident occurred inland, then Japan will definitely be more powerless when dealing with nuclear wastewater, after all, the ability of the inland to undertake ecological pollution is not the same order of magnitude as the ocean.

Of course, inland nuclear power plants will not be built forever, in the case of safety factors to improve a few levels, nuclear energy technology is more mature, inland nuclear power plants will still be built in a timely manner, after all, the world's large cities are not only distributed along the coast, the inland also has a considerable amount of electricity consumption, built in the inland, the transmission cost will be lower, will be more efficient.

It is because the nuclear power plant needs water, and the seaside is wide and there are few people, so when there is an accident, it will not cause too much **.

Because tidal energy can now be used to generate electricity at the seaside, which can save resources and, in fact, save costs.

Reasons why nuclear power plants should be built by the sea:

1. The nuclear power plant needs to be cooled during operation, and water is the ultimate cold source, seawater is naturally the best choice, of course, the temperature of seawater has a certain impact on the power of the unit, such as the same cooling water parameters, in Liaoning can run at full power, in Hainan can not.

2. In consideration of the convenience of the transportation of large equipment, a nuclear power plant has more than 270 tons of evaporators and more than 300 tons of pressure vessels, which need to be imported from abroad and shipped to the self-provided wharf of the nuclear power plant, which is naturally better.

3. In order to reduce the cost of hydropower, the points issued by nuclear power plants are basically supplied to economically developed areas, while the coastal areas are industrially developed, and the points sent out can be connected to the nearest Internet.

4. Finally, for safety reasons, once a nuclear power plant has an accident, it is bound to need a large amount of water for cooling, and relying on ground transportation is naturally not as good as taking water directly from the sea.

Precautions for building a nuclear power plant:

2. Safety evaluation of the design scheme adopted during the construction of nuclear power plants, and demonstration of safety facilities system.

3. During the normal operation of the nuclear power plant, accidents are prevented, and the expected operation events can be corrected in time, simply put, the normal dose of the staff is within the specified value, and the system function does not fail.

This is because, under normal operation, nuclear power plants, like other thermal power plants, require a final heat trap for cooling.

In the process of heat transfer from the heat source to the heat trap, part of it can be used to do work into mechanical energy, and then electrical energy. The conversion efficiency of a nuclear power plant is about 33%, which means that about 2 3 percent of the heat is released into the environment, which is a large amount, so it needs "a steady stream of water" for cooling.

Generally speaking, the corresponding safety design is fully considered when the power plant is designed, but in very extreme cases, if the water supply of the emergency facilities in the plant is not enough, if there is cold water nearby, it is of course safer, such as the Fukushima nuclear accident, seawater injection was used to ensure the submersion and cooling of the reactor core.

Nuclear power plants are built by the sea because of the requirements of the geological structure, the demand for water is huge, and the demand for water is very high, and the demand for it is in the coastal areas.

Nuclear materials are inherently dangerous and therefore require a very high environment in which they are stored. The site selection of nuclear power plants is also extremely strict, and nuclear power plants cannot be built in any area where geological structure changes may occur, and the coastal area is often the first choice for building nuclear power plants because of its stable geological structure and solid and reliable geological structure.

Nuclear power plants require large amounts of cooling water to cool down, and if the cooling water is interrupted, the reactor core will overheat and melt. In an instant, a large amount of radioactive material will escape, and the consequences will be unimaginable. In addition, there are generally constant winds along the coast, which favors the diffusion of radiant gases.

The evaporator of the nuclear power plant weighs more than 270 tons, the pressure vessel weighs more than 300 tons, and the dome weighs more than 400 tons.

Nuclear material is a very dangerous substance, whether it is stored or used has ultra-high requirements, although people want to use nuclear material to generate electricity, but safety is the most important, so the first belt can not build a nuclear power plant. The location by the sea is relatively stable and reliable, and it is a relatively safe choice to build a nuclear power plant here.

The nuclear material in the nuclear power plant itself is dangerous, and the air near the sea is relatively circulating; Moreover, the demand for water for nuclear power plants is also very large, and it is just right to build it by the sea. In addition, nuclear power plants also have high requirements for geological structure.

The main reason why it is built by the sea is that it has a huge nuclear reaction, and it can only be reduced by releasing it into the water, so as to effectively avoid this explosion.

In the process of generating electricity, nuclear power plants need a large amount of cooling water, which is an important reason why nuclear power plants are built by the sea. The whole process is as follows: in a nuclear reactor, a nuclear fission chain reaction occurs, which produces a large amount of heat energy.

If a nuclear power plant is built next to a clean water source, it will naturally cause a certain amount of pollution to the water source, but if it is built near the sea, then there is no need to worry about seawater. Because the seawater taken directly is naturally undrinkable. The construction of nuclear power plants in these seaside cities is also very conducive to the removal of pollution sources.

The demand is greater in the coastal areas, because the coastal areas are more economically developed, so there are more factories, and the demand for electricity is very large, and the construction of nuclear power plants in the surrounding areas is conducive to economic development.

Most of the seasides belong to the continental plate margin, such as China's coastal Rim Belt. The nuclear power plant is a clean energy, has no impact on the normal operation of the environment, the flow of cooling water discharged is very large but only 2-3 degrees higher than the water in the environment and is only used for cooling and is not radioactive, nuclear waste and deceleration reflect heavy water, super heavy water must be solidified in metal packaging and buried deep underground. There is no waste polluting the environment.

Cooling needs: When the nuclear power plant is in normal operation, the nuclear reactor reacts to produce heat, the water of the primary circuit flows through the reactor, the heat is brought out, and the heat is transferred to the secondary circuit through the steam generator to produce steam, and the steam passes through the high-pressure cylinder and low-pressure cylinder to do work, and then returns to the steam generator after condensation by the condenser.

The nuclear power plant needs a large amount of cold water to cool the steam after the work is done in the condenser, and the efficiency of the nuclear power plant is low, the heat utilization rate of the nuclear power plant is only 1 3, and the heat of the nuclear power plant 2 3 needs to be cooled out, and the nuclear power plant is built on the seaside considering that the water is convenient and stable. If the nuclear power plant is built inland, the cooling water can be taken from large rivers and rivers, but large rivers and large rivers are the source of fresh water for major cities, so they will be avoided. There is also the option of building a cooling tower, but the investment is significant.

China's coastal industry accounts for a large proportion, and nuclear power plants also need a market after power generation, and building in coastal areas will facilitate future power transmission problems. PS: There are a lot of wind curtailment in Xinjiang, Gansu and China, that is, a large number of wind power is not in operation, mainly due to power transmission problems.

At present, the most common way to cool nuclear power plants is to absorb heat energy through large amounts of water. Therefore, if you build a nuclear power plant near a river or a sea, you will have access to sufficient and free water. Since the water used to cool the heat does not come into direct contact with the reactor, the discharged water is not polluted.

Of course, we could also build nuclear power plants inland, but then we still can't avoid taking water from rivers and seas, so it will be more troublesome.

It works on the principle of nuclear fuel made from uranium, and a chain reaction using fission produces a large amount of heat energy, which is then carried out by water at high pressure, which is then produced in a steam generator. After the steam passes through the high-pressure cylinder and low-pressure cylinder to do work, it will drive the steam turbine to carry the generator to generate electricity, and the final electricity generated will be transmitted through the power grid for people to use.