How to look at the inevitability and contingency in the course of history

I. The general principle of necessity and contingency.

Necessity and contingency are a pair of philosophical categories that reveal two different tendencies in the development of things.

1) Definition of Scope.

1. Inevitability is the unwavering and inevitable trend in the process of the existence and development of things.

2. Contingency is a variety of possible and difficult to determine trends in the process of the existence and development of things.

2) Dialectical relationship.

The relationship between necessity and contingency is the unity of opposites.

1. Opposites (distinctions).

Inevitability is the definite trend of the development of things, which is in a dominant position;

Contingency is a non-definite tendency in the development of things, which is in a subordinate position.

2. Unification (contact).

First, interdependence.

Inevitability is inseparable from contingency, and inevitability is manifested through contingency;

Chance is inseparable from inevitability, and behind chance lies inevitability.

Second, mutual transformation.

In the course of historical evolution, things that are contingent become things that are inevitable, and things that are inevitable become things that are contingent.

For example, the exchange of goods, in primitive societies.

When the end of the period began to appear, it was accidental. It was later transformed into an inevitable economic phenomenon.

In different relationships, the same phenomenon is inevitable in one relationship and contingent in another.

2. Inevitability and contingency in the course of history.

1) Definition of Scope.

1. The inevitability in the historical process is an unwavering and inevitable trend in the process of social development.

2. Contingency in the historical process is a variety of possible and difficult to determine trends in the process of social development.

2) Dialectical relationship.

1. The inevitability of history is expressed through contingency.

The historical inevitability of the times creating heroes is realized through chance. A fortuitous episode turned the situation of the meeting sharply and finally established ***.

Comrade in the leadership of the Red Army and ***.

2. The accident of history contains the inevitability of history.

The historical contingency of the heroic change of the times contains historical inevitability. Even if there is no witty counterattack and Zunyi meeting.

If the right choice is not made, the Chinese revolution will inevitably produce other great figures in a more difficult course.

The occurrence of any historical event has a certain degree of accidentality, but at the same time, it is also because of the "general trend of the world" that this accidental occurrence occurs, which is called inevitability, and any historical event has both chance and inevitability. For example: the Battle of Red Cliffs.

Putting aside the romance and just talking about history, the Battle of Chibi is a battle that will inevitably happen, because Cao Cao at that time had just destroyed Liu Biao and was trying to annex Jiangdong in one go, and this battle would inevitably happen on both sides. And "Three Kingdoms. The Biography of Zhou Yu clearly illustrates such a very important factor:

At that time, the public army was already sick", that is, Cao Cao's army had been infected with a very contagious plague, which led to a decline in combat effectiveness, which was accidental. Objectively speaking, this was an important factor that led to Cao Cao's defeat at Chibi, but regardless of whether Cao Cao's army was sick or not, the confrontation between the south and the north would definitely occur, which was inevitable. For another example, at the Hongmen Banquet, Xiang Yu did not listen to Fan Zeng's suggestion to kill Liu Bang, which seems to be an accident, but according to the situation at the time, the personalities of Xiang Yu and Liu Bang and other factors, how can it not be an inevitability?

Marx said in one of his works: "The 18th of Louis Bonaparte's Foggy Month" that although the coup d'état of Louis Bonaparte was an accident, it was precisely because of the situation in Europe at that time that this accident would inevitably occur and become inevitable. In ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, every historical event is accidental and inevitable, just looking at individual cases, it will be full of many accidents, this is called historical accidentality, and the occurrence of any event is caused by the conditions and situation at that time, this is called historical inevitability.

History is not necessarily a historical fact, you must know that the winner is king, and the loser is the villain. History is written by the victors. But history is inevitable.

Because under the current conditions, something that will happen because of this condition will happen, that is, there will be a cause and an effect. For example, how did the Three Kingdoms come about, because of the decline of the imperial family at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the power of the imperial court was dispersed, and there was a division in various places, even if there is a person who goes back in a time machine now, he killed Sun Quan, Liu Bei, and Cao Cao, but can it change the status quo of the imperial court? So there will be some Wang Bei, Lin Quan, Zhang Cao and the like who will come out to divide the territory, and they are playing a Three Kingdoms, creating heroes in real time.

The current situation is the inevitable manifestation of history.

Necessity and chance are a pair of brothers, interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Born with events, there is no pattern. So life is full of drama.

History develops by chance, but there is inevitability in contingency.

That is, history, is inevitability.

Chance leads to necessity The inevitable present can see many accidents in the future Live your own life will look at the charm of chance and the inevitable achievement.

The inevitability of history is determined by the development of history itself, and history is developing, because the world is in motion and cannot be immutable, so any historical change has its inevitability.

Historical materialism puts forward the concept of "historical inevitability", which has always occupied a very important position in the analysis of social development: the emergence of human society is a historical inevitability, the development of society is a historical inevitability, and the demise of the old system and its replacement by the new system are also historical inevitability.

Obviously, "historical inevitability" is actually a concept put forward by historical materialists to explain the direct determinants of social development.

In terms of practical meaning and content, historical inevitability includes two meanings: one refers to the fact that some historical phenomena conform to the law of determination, which we call the law of historical necessity; The second is that all historical phenomena conform to the law of cause and effect, which we call historical necessity cause and effect.

Historical inevitability points out that it is inevitable for society to develop to a certain state under certain historical conditions, and historical inevitability is actually the manifestation of man's subjective initiative in social development, the result of the interaction between subject and object, man and society, and the product of the spiritual quality of members acting on the basic conditions of society and imploding into its practice.

The inevitability of history corresponds to the contingency of history, and the contingency in the process of history is a variety of possible and indefinite trends in the process of social development, and contingency is inseparable from inevitability, and inevitability is hidden behind contingency.

Historical inevitability is expressed through contingency, and at the same time, historical inevitability is also contained in historical contingency, and a correct understanding of the dialectical relationship between inevitability and contingency is of great significance to scientific research and people's practical activities.

Inevitability is the main characteristic of regularity, and only by understanding necessity can we grasp regularity, and in scientific activities, we cannot ignore contingency to investigate inevitability, nor can we only stop at examining the accidental details of individual objects.

History has its inevitability, because the combination of a long time must be divided and a long time must be combined, because ancient China was the first king of law rather than the fact of law, it caused the ancients to blindly follow the ancient rules in legislation, science and technology, academics, and ideology without major changes, which is also the reason why China's reform and reform are always atrous, in the process of the progress of the productive forces, the contradiction between the ruling class and the ruled class is increasingly apparent, and it is necessary to bring forth the new through the birth of a new regime, which is the inevitability of history to be divided for a long time.

And there are a lot of accidental factors, history itself can not be assumed, but when it comes to accidental factors, let's talk about it, Fu Jian's war raised 900,000 soldiers, grain, grass and ordnance were planned, but because of an accidental factor was defeated by weakness, continuing the war between the North and the South, Hitler hit the Soviet Union for the first time, because Italy hit Greece and fell into the quagmire, to help him send troops, and as a result, the time to attack the Soviet Union was delayed, if it was launched in April, the Soviet Union could not delay the winter, of course, Accidental factors and inevitable time are like vector change to quantitative change, if the inevitable event will happen, then even if a chance factor is avoided, there will still be another chance factor to happen, but we really can't.

Hehe's limited ability to express himself, I don't know if you can understand my point of view.

It must be the general direction of development, and chance is the specific way of expression.

The general direction of the Yangtze River is bound to go eastward, and as for what curve to go out of, it will be adapted to local conditions, and there are accidental factors.

It is necessarily important for the whole, and it is always necessary for the multitude to be accidental. For example, the online rate of the college entrance examination is considered by the state for all candidates, and it is meaningless for individuals.

Necessity and chance are also relative, under different premises, the conclusion is not the same, for example, from the perspective of the development of the entire feudal society, the Ming Dynasty is in decline, and it is inevitable to change the dynasty, and it is accidental to change which dynasty, but specific to the specific situation in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing established by the Manchus can best meet the requirements of the vast majority of people who want to live and work in peace and contentment, and have enough food and clothing, so the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty and became a historical necessity.

The individual must be clear about the overall inevitable direction of development in order to achieve maximum success, otherwise even if the ability is strong, it will fail, and even if it achieves temporary success, it will eventually fail.

It is to understand the requirements of the people who account for the largest number of Chinese people in order to achieve success, but after the victory, they did not understand what the most fundamental purpose of the revolution was, so they took a detour, and *** figured it out, so China achieved great development.

Necessity is greater than chance, but chance and necessity are related. For example, the transition of human society from a slave society to a feudal society, and then to a capitalist society, is inevitable and impossible to change.

We say that "the times create heroes", and there will definitely be heroes in the era of great social changes, but who this hero is, whether it is Napoleon, Peter the Great, or someone else, this is accidental, but whether this person has the ability to become a hero is an inevitable and necessary condition, and after this condition is met, it takes time and opportunity to make him a hero, which is accidental. We often say that"Born at the wrong time""Time" is accidental. As for the reference, it is to prevent problems before they happen, such as regular physical check-ups and the like.

There's nothing remarkable about this writing, just to give my point of view. After all, I'm still underage, and my views are a little immature. It's just written because the question itself is fun.

I occasionally feel that the inevitability is a little bigger.

History is always in a constant cycle.

Events like this happen all the time ... However, his general trend is to move forward, although there are some small regressions in the middle, such as the dark Middle Ages, the purge of the Soviet Union, and so on, but on the whole it is still moving in a better and better direction.

There is no inevitability in the short term, and there is no contingency in the long term.

Of course, necessity is greater than chance.

Examples of the relationship between chance and necessity:

When tossing a coin, every time there is a positive or negative result, it is accidental, positive or negative, and the result after a large number of coin tosses tends to be 50% to 50%, that is, an inevitability. That is, necessity is manifested through a large number of contingencies, countless contingencies manifest one inevitability, and the circumstances in which things appear by chance change again and again are ultimately subject to necessity.

Whether history is an accident in necessity or an inevitability in chance, and the necessity of history is determined by the developmental nature of history itself.

History is developing, because the world is in motion and cannot be immutable, so any historical change has its inevitability.

For example, primitive societies.

With the progress of human beings, it will inevitably enter the slave society; With the progress of civilization, the slave society will inevitably enter the feudal society.

And so on, from a small point of view, everyone will be born, old, sick and die, any big figure in history.

or small people, they all have their own day of death, these are historical inevitabilities.

The accident of history is triggered by the behavior of the human individual, the subject of historical evolution.

For example, Chen Sheng's uprising.

As far as the uprising itself is concerned, there is its inevitability, but it was initiated by Chen Sheng, not by Li Sheng and Zhang Sheng.

Zhao Sheng and others initiated it, and it has its accident.

As you said, the failure of the reform is inevitable, because of the limitations of the bourgeoisie, capitalism will not work in China, a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the reform and reform also rely on an emperor who has no real power, and Cixi will certainly not give up her rights to let others take power.

Inevitability means that in a certain context, what happens, such as those great revolutions in foreign countries, is inevitable, well, how to put it.

In the development of human history, there is also inevitability and contingency.

For example, the outbreak of a major war in history is often determined by various economic, political, and even ideological factors. Wars between nations can be seen as the continuation of these chains of internal affairs.

In other words, there is an irresistible inevitability with its eruption.

Inevitability is a manifestation of regularity.

Contingency, on the other hand, does not carry the essential connection between objective things and phenomena, and cannot change the essence of objective things.

The relationship between historical inevitability and historical contingency is a dialectical relationship that is interrelated.

The inevitability of history is realized through the contingency of history, which is also manifested in the following facts.

That is, if there is no such contingency, there will be another contingency that will arise and finally realize its historical necessity.