What is the function of chloroplasts? What is the role of plant chloroplasts

Photosynthesis is a biochemical process in which plants, algae, and certain bacteria use chlorophyll to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and release oxygen when exposed to visible light. Plants are called producers of the food chain because of their ability to produce organic matter from inorganic matter and store energy through photosynthesis. Through consumption, consumers in the food chain can absorb the energy stored by plants with an efficiency of about 30%.

For almost all living beings in the biological world, this process is the key to their survival. And for the carbon and oxygen cycle on Earth, photosynthesis is indispensable. The discovery of photosynthesis The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that all the substances needed for plant growth were in the soil.

The Dutchman Van Elmont conducted a potted willow weighing experiment and came to the conclusion that the weight of the plant does not come mainly from soil but from water. He did not recognize that the matter in the air was involved in the formation of organic matter. In 1771, Priestley of England discovered that plants could restore air that had gone "bad" due to the burning of candles.

In 1773, Ingnhaus of the Netherlands proved that only the green part of a plant could make air "good" when it was under light. In 1804, Saussure of Switzerland further confirmed through quantitative research that carbon dioxide and water are raw materials for plant growth. In 1845, Meyer in Germany discovered that plants convert solar energy into chemical energy.

In 1864, Sachs in Germany discovered that photosynthesis produces starch. In 1880, Engelman in the United States discovered that chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis. In 1897, it was first called photosynthesis in textbooks.

Principle Unlike animals, plants do not have a digestive system, so they must rely on other means for their nutrient intake. It's the so-called autotrophs. For green plants, during the sunny day, they will use the energy of sunlight to photosynthesize to obtain the nutrients necessary for growth and development.

The key players in this process are the chloroplasts inside. Under the action of sunlight, chloroplasts convert carbon dioxide that enters the leaves through the stomata and water absorbed by the roots into glucose, and at the same time release oxygen: 12H2O + 6CO2 + light C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 + 6H2O

Chloroplasts are the sites where photosynthesis takes place. Photosynthetic pigments that absorb light energy are distributed on the thin film of thylakoids, and many enzymes necessary for photosynthesis are contained in the thin membranes of thylakoids and in the matrix of chloroplasts.

Chloroplast. The function is to carry out photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts are sites of photosynthesis, where photosynthesis takes place, converting light energy into chemical energy and storing it in the organic matter it makes. Green plants are the main energy converters because they contain chloroplasts, organelles that complete energy conversion.

It can assimilate carbon dioxide using light energy.

and water, which synthesizes organic matter that stores energy and produces oxygen at the same time.

Chloroplasts use light energy to assimilate carbon dioxide and water, synthesize energy-storing organic matter, and produce oxygen at the same time. Chloroplasts: Algae and plants contain chlorophyll.

Organs that carry out photosynthesis. It mainly contains chlorophyll and carotene.

and lutein, of which chlorophyll is the most abundant, obscuring the other pigments, all of which appear green. The main function is to carry out photosynthesis.

The chloroplast is surrounded by two smooth unit membranes. The two membranes are separated by a brighter space with low electron density. These two layers of unit membrane are called chloroplast membranes or outer envelopes.

The chloroplast membrane is filled with a flow-state matrix (stroma) with many lamellar structures in the matrix.

The function of chloroplasts is to carry out photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which chlorophyll absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy while using carbon dioxide and water to make organic matter and release oxygen. It consists of many complex steps, which are generally divided into two stages: light reaction and dark reaction.

Light reaction: This is the process by which pigment molecules such as chlorophyll absorb and transfer light energy, transferring light energy into chemical energy, and forming ATP and Nadph. Water molecules in the process.

It is broken down and oxygen is released.

Dark reaction: The next step in photosynthesis takes place in the dark, which can also be in the light. It uses ATP formed by light reactions to provide energy, NADPH2 reduces CO2, fixes the formed intermediate products, and makes carbohydrates such as glucose.

process. Through this process, the active chemical energy in ATP and Nadph2 is converted into stable chemical energy stored in carbohydrates. It is also known as carbon dioxide assimilation or carbon assimilation process. This is a reaction in which there are many kinds of enzymes involved.

Chloroplasts are present in the mesophyll cells of plants that photosynthesize in green.

The function is mainly to carry out photosynthesis.

There are two types of pigments inside, which are divided into:

1.Chlorophyll.

2.Carotenoid.

And chlorophyll can be divided into chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b

Carotenoids are divided into carotenoids and lutein.

Most of these four pigments can absorb light energy, but only chlorophyll a. can convert light energy

The role of chloroplasts is to carry out photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts, algae, and plant bodies contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis organs. It mainly contains chlorophyll, carotene and lutein, of which chlorophyll is the most abundant, which masks other pigments, so it appears green. The main function is to carry out photosynthesis.

It can be said that the energy required for almost all life activities is solar energy (light energy). Green plants are the main energy transmuters because they contain chloroplasts, organelles that complete energy conversion, which can use light energy to assimilate carbon dioxide and water, synthesize energy-storing organic matter, and produce oxygen at the same time. Therefore, the photosynthesis of green plants is the fundamental source of the survival, reproduction and development of organisms on the earth.

Morphological characteristics of chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are structures that carry out photosynthesis inside the cells of green plants and are a type of plastid. There are three types of plastids: round, oval or disc-shaped. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll a and b and are green in color, which is easy to distinguish from the other two types of plastides: colorless white bodies and yellow to red colored bodies.

The function of chlorophyll a and b is to absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy through photosynthesis. The chloroplast is oblate spherical, about microns thick and about 5 microns in diameter. It has a double-layer membrane with interstitium, which contains enzymes and sheets that are in a dissolved state.

The lamellae are stacked from closed, hollow disc-shaped stacks of thylakoids, which are required for the formation of the high-energy compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP).