The Phenomenon of Inversion in Geography The causes of the phenomenon of inversion

For every 100 meters of ascent, the temperature decreases by about . Less than is a genus.

The phenomenon of temperature inversion, which will be cold and hot.

It has been made clear above that the air quality will be very poor in that case.

The temperature inversion phenomenon is the same in basins and plains.

The height of the inversion layer generally ranges from tens of meters to 3,000 meters, and the troposphere in close contact with the ground is the most obvious, and there should be no inversion of the entire atmosphere. You can think more about the causes of temperature inversion, radiation, advection, subsidence, fronts, etc., and the effects of these factors on the upper atmosphere of the tropospheric stratosphere.

generatedThe phenomenon of temperature inversionThere are four main reasons for this:

1. The topography of the basin is one of them

When cold air enters the basin, the air temperature around the basin rises faster, and correspondingly, the air temperature over the basin also rises, forming a temperature inversion.

2. Warm advection will also promote temperature inversion

Warm air currents around the basin can also form a temperature inversion.

3. High-pressure circulation can also lead to temperature inversion

In a high-pressure system, the excess air sinks. When it sinks to a certain height, the air temperature will be higher than that near the ground, and a temperature inversion will form.

4. Ground inversion radiation will also form inversion

At night, the ground radiates heat outward, and the air near the ground cools down as the ground temperature drops, and the air away from the ground absorbs the heat and the air temperature rises, forming a temperature inversion.

The effect of temperature inversion is a factor in the hunger chain rolling

1. Geographical location.

Mid-latitudes are more likely to have a subsidence inversion. In the area of latitude 30°, the dry air sinks, compresses and self-heats, and there are many sunny days and little rain. After self-heating, the air temperature is higher than that of the air below, which is more likely to lead to the occurrence of temperature inversion.

2. Time factor: The distribution of the inversion layer will change with time, taking the equator as an example, the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer during the summer solstice.

Mid-latitudes are more susceptible to temperature inversions.

3. Weather factors: when there are few clouds at night, the amount of heat on the ground is dispersed faster, and the temperature drop rate also increases, which is the difference between the ground temperature and the upper air temperature, and the possibility of radiation inversion in the morning of the second day is also reduced. Precipitation will reduce the probability of temperature inversion, and foggy weather will increase the probability of temperature inversion.

The main reason. 1.Ground radiative cooling:

On clear or breezy nights, the ground quickly cools radiatively, and with it, the atmosphere close to the ground. Since the closer the air is to the ground, the greater the influence of the ground, so the closer it is to the ground, the more it cools down; The farther away from the ground, the less the temperature is cooled, creating a temperature inversion that starts at the ground. With the intensification of radiative cooling on the ground, the temperature inversion gradually expanded upward, and Dahongxing was strongest at dawn.

Generally, after sunrise, the solar radiation gradually increases, and the ground quickly warms up to cover the world, and the inversion temperature gradually disappears from the bottom up. In summer, the nights are short, and the inversion layer is thinner and disappears quickly, while in winter, the nights are long, and the inversion layer is thicker and disappears more slowly.

2.Air sinking:

It often occurs in mountainous areas. The cold air on the hillside sinks along the hillside to the valley floor, and the warmer air at the valley floor is squeezed up by the cold air, resulting in an inversion of the temperature. Such temperature inversions are mainly formed under certain terrain conditions.

Therefore, it is also called terrain temperature inversion. For example, Los Angeles in the United States is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and there are more than 200 days of temperature inversion every year.

The conditions most favorable for a radiative inversion to occur are calm and clear nights. --Environmental Chemistry, Higher Education Press, Dai Shugui.

The appearance of the inversion layer is mainly caused by the sinking of the air and the adiabatic warming.

Temperature inversion occurs.

The atmosphere is called the "inversion layer". The appearance of the inversion layer is mainly caused by the sinking of the air and the thermal warming of the chaos. Radiative inversion occurs mainly at night when there is no wind or breeze, and the ground is quickly radiated and cooled after no solar radiation is reported.

Under certain weather conditions, the upper air temperature will be higher than the air near the ground2There are roughly five types of causes of inversion and temperature inversion: radiation inversion, advection inversion, topography inversion, subsidence inversion, and ocean current.

Causes temperature inversion.

1. Causes of temperature inversion.

There are many factors in the formation of temperature inversion, which can be divided into radiative temperature inversion, topographic temperature inversion and frontal temperature inversion.

1) Radiative temperature inversion.

It often occurs at night when it is clear and cloudless, and the temperature in the near-surface layer drops rapidly due to the intense cooling of the ground radiation, while at high altitudes.

The air layer cools down less, resulting in a temperature inversion that warms up at the top and cools at the bottom. This inversion is strongest before dawn and disappears from the bottom up after sunrise.

Lose. This kind of inversion can occur on the continent in the middle and high latitudes, especially in desert areas.

2) Frontal temperature inversion.

A frontal inversion is an inversion that occurs due to the temperature difference between the cold and warm air above and below the front. This inversion layer is tilted with the front.

Oblique into an inclined state. And since the front is inclined from the ground to the direction of the cold air, the front temperature inversion can only be in the cold air mass.

Observed in controlled areas.

The height of the front temperature inversion from the ground is related to the position of the observation point relative to the front, and the distance from the ground front.

near, the lower the height of the inversion layer;The higher the opposite.

3) Topographic temperature inversion.

It is mainly hidden by the topography and is mainly in basins and valleys. Since the air on the hillside cools quickly at night, it is cold air.

The air sinks down the slope to the bottom of the valley, and the original warmer air at the bottom of the valley is squeezed up by the cold air, resulting in a temperature inversion phenomenon of warm at the top and cold at the bottom.

For example, there will be a deep mid-inversion layer on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains from December to February of the following year, which is mainly due to cold air.

When the air is blocked, there is a warmer layer of air on the "cold air lake" formed. The inversion layer is at least 1,500 meters thick on the northern slope of the Tien Shan Mountains and only 700 meters on the southern slope. This winter inversion layer is prevalent on the eastern and northern edges of the Tibetan Plateau.

Second, the effect of temperature inversion.

1.Pros: Since the occurrence of temperature inversion can hinder the development of vertical convection in air, the benefits of temperature inversion are:

The occurrence of sandstorms can be inhibited, because the conditions for sandstorms to occur are strong winds, sand, and strong convective movements.

The inversion occurs at high altitudes and is extremely beneficial for the flight of the aircraft. Because the plane will not have big bumps in flight, fly.

The line is smooth. At the same time, clear skies improve visibility and make flying safer.

Inversions have their upside, just like other weather phenomena.

Classification of temperature inversion and its causes:

According to the different causes of temperature inversion, it can be divided into radiative temperature inversion, topographic temperature inversion, advection temperature inversion, frontal temperature inversion, and sinking inversion.

Temperature, turbulent inversion and other types are introduced separately below. Slag grinding.

1.Radiative inversion.

The temperature inversion that occurs due to intense radiation from the ground is called a radiative temperature inversion. On a clear (or less cloudy) night with no wind (or a dry breeze in Changliang).

In the evening, the inverse radiation of the atmosphere is weak, and the ground loses a lot of heat due to radiation, which quickly cools down. At this time, the air close to the ground is cold.

but most intensely; The farther away from the ground, the smaller the cooling amplitude is to withstand the hole, resulting in the temperature of the air near the ground gradually increasing from bottom to top.

The phenomenon of temperature inversion that begins on the ground. The vertical thickness of the radiative inversion can range from tens of meters to hundreds of meters, and the inversion layer is generally thickest before dawn. Summer.

The days are long and the nights are short, the inversion layer is thinner, and it disappears quickly; In winter, the nights are long, the inversion layer is thicker, and it disappears more slowly. This inversion is in the middle and high latitudes.

It can occur on the continent, especially in desert areas, and is especially strong in winter.

2.Terrain inversion.

In basins or valleys, the ground of the hillside dissipates heat faster than the free atmosphere at the same altitude after sunset.

The air cools down quickly. Cold air slides along the slope into the bottom of the basin or valley, forcing the warm air at the bottom to rise, forming a cold ground at the bottom and warm at the top.

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3.Advection inversion.

The temperature inversion that occurs due to the advection of warm air onto the cold underlying surface is called advection inversion. When the warm air mass moves to the cold ground.

When it is up, the bottom air cools down rapidly due to the influence of the cold ground, and the upper air cools slowly and the cooling amplitude is small because it is far from the ground, thus forming a temperature inversion. Advection inversion also starts from the ground and gradually expands upward, and its strength is determined by the temperature difference between the warm air mass and the cold ground.

The greater the temperature difference, the stronger the temperature inversion. In the winter half of the year, in the coastal areas of the mid-latitudes, due to the large temperature difference between land and sea, when the sea is warm.

When the moisture air mass moves to the cold continental surface, a strong advection inversion often occurs, and it is often accompanied by the formation of advection fog. with spokes.

When the inversion temperature is different, when advection fog occurs, not only does it not require clear and few clouds, but the wind speed can also be larger.

1. The atmospheric temperature decreases with the increase of altitude, but under certain weather conditions, the atmospheric structure above the ground will have an abnormal phenomenon of air temperature increasing with the increase of altitude, which is called "inversion temperature" in meteorology, and the atmosphere where the temperature inversion phenomenon occurs is called "inversion layer".

2. The inversion phenomenon can inhibit the occurrence of sandstorms to a certain extent, and is also very beneficial to the flight of the draft aircraft, and can also be applied to the grain seed wheel to improve the yield and quality, but most of the time it will also bring significant air pollution.

The following explanations are given to the physical phenomena produced by animals in autumn mornings.

Haze is often caused by a phenomenon called temperature inversion. Normally, the air temperature in the upper floors is low and the air temperature in the lower layers is high, but occasionally there is a "hot at the top and cold at the bottom" inversion.

Temperature inversions tend to occur in winter, when long, cold winter nights cause the ground temperature to drop, which lowers the air temperature closest to the ground and increases the air temperature in the upper floors. Because the low-level and upper-level air do not mix easily, inversions can often last for several days if there is no high wind.

Since the air in the lower layers is denser than the air in the upper layers, the upper and lower layers do not mix together, and the haze accumulates in the lower air close to the ground. When the air near the ground cools to a certain extent, the water vapor in the air will condense into fine water droplets suspended in the air, reducing the visibility at ground level, and this weather phenomenon is called fog. Fog is more common in spring from February to April.

Whenever the visibility in the atmosphere is less than 1 km due to the condensation of suspended water vapor, meteorology calls this weather phenomenon fog. Conditions for fog formation: one is cooling, the other is humidification, increasing the water vapor content.

Hazards affect state innocence.

When the haze is heavily polluted, the symptoms of heart disease and lung disease will be significantly exacerbated, and the symptoms will also be common in healthy people, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, children and the elderly.

Severe haze can cause varying degrees of damage to the lungs, with symptoms of varying degrees such as dry throat, itchy throat, cough, yellow phlegm and even wheezing.

The effects of the inversion phenomenon are as follows:Conception. In general, in the lower atmosphere, the temperature usually decreases with altitude.

Sometimes, however, the opposite can occur at certain levels, where the air temperature increases with altitude, a phenomenon known as inversion. The atmosphere in which the phenomenon of temperature inversion occurs is called the inversion layer.

Genesis. The main reasons for the formation of the inversion layer are as follows: first, radiative cooling on the ground; the second is air advection cooling; the third is the sinking and warming of the air; Fourth, the turbulence of the air is mixed with the source; Fifth, the temperature inversion formed on the front.

According to the different causes of formation, the inversion layer can be divided into radiation inversion layer, advection inversion layer, sinking inversion layer, turbulent current inversion layer and frontal inversion layer. However, no matter what kind of inversion layer, it has a certain impact on the weather.

Harm. In the inversion layer, the warmer and lighter air is located on top of the cooler and heavier air, forming an extremely stable air layer, just like a pot lid, shrouded in the air near the ground, seriously hindering the convective movement of the air, due to this reason, the water vapor, soot, automobile exhaust and various harmful gases in the air near the surface can not be expanded outward and upward, only floating in the air layer below the inversion layer, which is conducive to the formation of clouds and fog, and reduces visibility, brings trouble to transportation, and more seriously, so that the pollutants in the air can not be dispersed in time, aggravate air pollution, and bring harm to people's lives and property. More than half of the major pollution events in the modern world are related to the influence of inversion layers.