The chemical formula and molecular structure of alkylene alcohols and their uses

Alkanes: CNH (2N+2).

Alkene: CNH2N(N>1).

Alkyne: CNH (2N-2).

Alcohols: CNH(2N+2-X)(OH)X

The reason why olefins do not have methylene is because there is a carbon-carbon double bond in the olefin, while h has only one electron, and he can only form a valence bond with carbon, so it must have more than 2.

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There is a detailed introduction above, and you should be able to understand it = .

Alkanes, also known as saturated hydrocarbons, are chain hydrocarbons with only carbon-carbon single bonds, and are the simplest class of organic compounds.

cnh2n+2

Olefins are those that contain:

C=C bond (carbon-carbon double bond) (alkene bond) hydrocarbon, belongs to unsaturated hydrocarbon, monoolefin general formula.

cnh2n（n>1）

Alkyne. Hydrocarbons are a class of organic compounds that belong to the category of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Its functional group is a carbon-carbon triple bond (Cc). General formula.

cnh2n-2

where n is a non-1 positive integer) can represent an alkyne.

Alcohol, monobasic saturated alcohol general formula only: CNH2N+1OH

The structure of organic matter, 4 bonds around the C atom (single bond), 1 bond around the H atom, and 2 bonds around the O atom (single bond).

Ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, butylene, acetylene, and methanol can almost all be used as fuels, of which ethylene can also be used as a ripening agent for fruits, and methanol is an industrial alcohol. Acetylene burns at a high temperature and can be used to cut metal.

Secondary level: There is no such thing as melene, c=c

The bond should be two C, monoolefin general formula.

cnh2n（n>1）

The chemical nature of alkynes is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, which belongs to unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Alkynes are a class of organic compounds that belong to the category of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Its functional group is a carbon-carbon triple bond. The general formula cnh2n-2, where n is a positive integer of 》=2.

The alkyne compounds of Jianzen Chong include acetylene (C2H2), propyne (C3H4) and so on. Alkynes were originally also called calcium carbide gas, and calcium carbide gas is also commonly used to refer specifically to acetylene, the simplest alkyne. The word alkyne is a newly coined word, the same sound is missing, and the fire on the left is taken from the carbon word, which means that it can be burned; The one on the right is taken from the missing word, which means that the number of hydrogen atoms and valency are more lacking than those of olefins.

The melting point, boiling point, and density of simple alkynes are higher than those of alkanes or alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms. It is not soluble in water, and is easily soluble in organic solvents such as ether, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, etc. Alkynes can undergo addition reactions with halogens, hydrogen, hydrogen halides, water, and polymerization.

Because acetylene emits a lot of heat when burning, it is often used as a raw material for welding.

Chemical Composition:

During the Second World War, the German chemist Repe invented the technology to make acetylene react safely under pressure and high temperature, synthesized many important products, and made acetylene a basic organic raw material, and the use of acetylene has been gradually replaced by ethylene and propylene. The simplest alkyne is acetylene, whose structure is simply CH, 4 atoms in the molecule are in a straight line, and the bond lengths of c c and c-h are angstroms and angstroms, respectively, which is shorter than the bonds of c = c and c-h in the ethylene molecule.

According to the description of quantum chemistry, two carbon atoms in the acetylene molecule overlap each other with sp hybrid orbitals, and then overlap with the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms with sp hybrid orbitals, forming three bonds (one c-c bond and two c-h bonds), and one 2py and 2pz orbitals are left on the two carbon atoms, which overlap each other perpendicular to each other on the sides to form two bonds, therefore, the triple bond consists of one bond and two bonds.

Since the four carbon atoms in the c-c structure unit are in a straight line, the presence of triple bonds does not produce geometric isomers, and there can be no side chains on the triple bond carbon atoms, so the number of alkyne isomers is less than that of alkenes containing the same number of carbon atoms.

1. Similarities between the main chemical reactions of olefins and alkynes:

Both alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons and both have unsaturated bonds structurally. Addition reaction, polyaddition reaction and oxidation reaction can occur.

2. The difference between the main chemical reactions of olefins and alkynes:

All the atoms in the olefin molecule are in the same plane with a bond angle of 120°, as. When a hydrogen atom in an ethylene molecule is replaced by another atom or cluster of atoms, the atom that replaces the hydrogen atom must be in the plane of ethylene.

The carbon atom and the hydrogen atom in the alkyne molecule must be in a straight line with a bond angle of 180°, and when one hydrogen atom in the acetylene molecule is replaced by another atom or cluster of atoms, the atom that replaces the hydrogen atom must be collinear with the other atoms in the acetylene molecule.

Ethylene (diene) has a double bond, has a planar structure, can occur addition, reduction reaction、、、 alkyne is also a triple bond, mainly pie bond and color bond, and dilute chemical properties are basically the same, but the structure is different, it is a linear structure, there must be a triple bond, dilute is at least one double bond hydrocarbon, in addition to the double bond, the chain behind is alkyne、、、 alkyne and dilute can participate in reduction, addition, hydration. and other reactions, please refer to the high school 2 textbook for details.

1. The chemical properties of olefins are relatively stable, and most of the reactions of olefins have double bonds broken and two new single bonds are formed.

The characteristic reactions of alkenes all occur on functional groups C=C and O-H.

Related reactions. Catalytic hydrogenation reactions.

ch2=ch2+h2→ch3—ch3

The reaction of olefins and hydrogen to form alkanes is called hydrogenation reaction, also known as hydrogenation reaction.

Add halogen reaction.

Olefins react easily with halogens and are the main method for the preparation of o-dihaloalkanes:

ch2=ch2+x2→ch2x-ch2x

Add protonic acid reaction.

Olefins can undergo addition reactions with protic acids:

ch2=ch2+hx→ch3-ch2x

Add hypohalogen acid reaction.

Olefins react with aqueous solutions of halogens to form -halogenated alcohols:

CH2=CH2+HOX CH3-CH2-OX polymerization reaction.

Addition polymerization: that is, addition polymerization, the reaction of alkene monomers polymerized by addition. There are no by-products in the polyaddition reaction.

Oxidation reactions. Polymerization reactions.

2. Alkynes can undergo addition reactions.

It's not easy to write, to give you the picture of benzene is more special, he is not a single and double building alternately, but six C's each provide an electron, forming a large bond, you can replace the three double bonds with a circle.

Alkane general formula CNH2N+2 alkene CNH2N alkyne CNH2N-2

It's all in your textbooks.

If it is a structure short, how to draw it without ctrl+c.

Alkynes, alkenes and bromine water have an addition reaction to fade, alkanes do not undergo this reaction alkynes, alkenes are oxidized by acidic potassium permanganate solution to fade, alkanes do not undergo this reaction If the alkyne is the terminal alkyne, that is, there is hydrogen connected to the triple bond, which can be identified by silver ammonia solution or copper chloride diaminia (I) solution, respectively, to generate explosive white alkyne silver precipitate and red alkyne copper (I) precipitate. Olefins do not have this reaction.

Alkynes, if not terminal alkynes, can be reduced with a liquid ammonia solution of sodium (blue). The blue fades. Olefins do not undergo this reaction.

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The structural formula of acetylenol (also known as vinyl alcohol, cyclopropynyl alcohol) is c?h?o。

It is an alcoholic organic compound containing a carbon-carbon triple bond. The molecular structure of acetylenol consists of a vinyl group (C?).h?

and a hydroxyl group (OH).

The structural formula of acetylenyl alcohol can be written as ch?=choh, in which the vinyl group is attached to a carbon atom by a double bond, which in turn is attached to a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group.

Acetylenol is a colorless liquid that is volatile at room temperature and pressure. It has a high solubility and can be dissolved in water and many organic solvents. Acetylenol is an important intermediate in organic synthesis, which is widely used in the preparation of organic compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, ethers, etc.

In conclusion, acetylenol is an alcohol organic compound containing carbon-carbon triple bond cover and hydroxyl group, which has a wide range of application value for hand-rolled preparation. It plays an important role in the field of organic synthesis and provides the basis for the synthesis of various organic compounds.