What organic matter can undergo addition reactions?

To put it bluntly, it contains unsaturated bonds, double bonds, and 3 bonds, and benzene rings are also OK under certain conditions.

Organic matter containing unsaturated chemical bonds such as carbon-oxygen double bonds, carbon-carbon double bonds, and carbon-carbon triple bonds can undergo addition reactions.

In addition, the carbon-carbon triple bond of terminal alkyne can also undergo nucleophilic addition with nucleophiles such as HCN, such as acetylene and hydrocyanic acid to form acrylonitrile (CH2=CH-CN).

Functional groups containing unsaturated bonds can generally undergo addition reactions, such as carbon-carbon double bonds, carbon-carbon triple bonds, benzene rings, aromatic ring structures, aldehyde groups, and ketone groups, but carboxyl groups generally cannot undergo addition reactions.

Therefore, learning the properties of organic matter is actually learning the nature of functional groups, and the organic matter containing any functional group should have the chemical properties of this functional group, and guessing that the organic matter that does not contain this functional group does not have the chemical properties of this functional group, which is a point that should be recognized in the study of Zheng organic chemistry.

resulting in isomerism.

Organic matter is classified according to composition, carbon chain, functional groups and homologues.

There are three types of isomerism of organic matter: carbon chain isomerism, functional group position isomerism, and functional group type isomerism. For the same kind of organic matter, the isomerism caused by the different positions of the functional groups is the positional isomerism of the functional groups, and the following 8 isomers of vinyl chloride reflect the isomerism caused by the carbon-carbon double bond and the different positions of the chlorine atom.

For the same kind of atomic composition, different functional groups are formed, thus forming different types of organic matter, which is the type isomerism of functional groups. For example, aldehydes and ketones with the same number of carbon atoms, carboxylic acids and esters with the same number of carbon atoms are all isomers of different types of organic matter caused by the formation of different functional groups.

Organic evolution – the generation of organic matter.

It contains carbon-carbon double bonds, which are added to hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides, etc.

Carbon-carbon triple bond, with hydrogen, halogen, hydrogen halide, etc.

Organic matter containing benzene ring, addition with hydrogen, halogens, etc.

Contains aldehyde group, addition with hydrogen.

Ketocarbonyl contains an addition to hydrogen.

Organic matter containing carbon-carbon double bonds, carbon-carbon triple bonds, benzene rings, aldehyde groups, and ketone carbonyl groups. Note that the carboxyl and ester groups cannot be added.

Addition reactions can occur in organic compounds with unsaturated double or triple bonds, such as alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, etc.

There are carbon-carbon double, triple bonds, such as ethylene.

There are carbon-carbon double bonds and carbon-carbon triple bonds.

The carbon-carbon double bond must be additional, and the carbon-oxygen double bond can be added with hydrogen in aldehydes and ketones; The carbon-oxygen double bonds in the carboxyl and ester groups cannot be added with hydrogen under normal conditions.

Just these few things, you can write these equations and memorize them.

Addition reactions: olefins and halogen element addition, and halogenated hydrocarbon addition, hydrogen addition, and water addition; Alkynes are similar to olefins; aldehyde and hydrogen addition; benzene and hydrogen additions, etc.

Substitution reaction: substitution of alkanes with halogens under light; hydrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons; conversion of alcohols to halogenated hydrocarbons; esterification reaction, etc.