What is Socrates thought, what Socrates ideas assert

Socrates' thought asserts.

Socrates was not the first philosopher of ancient Greece, why was he the founder of Western philosophy? Why did Socrates come up with "virtue is knowledge"?

Socrates' thought asserts the following:

1. Socrates demanded a "turn of the heart", shifting philosophy from the study of nature to the study of the self, which was what was often said later, pulling philosophy back from heaven to earth.

2. Socrates explicitly sees the soul as a spiritual entity that is fundamentally different from matter. In Socrates' view, the creation or demise of things is nothing but the aggregation and dispersion of something.

3. Socrates further pointed out that the series of causes and effects in nature is endless, and that it is impossible for philosophy to know the ultimate cause of things if it seeks only this cause and effect. He believes that the ultimate cause of things is "goodness", which is the purposefulness of things.

Introduction to Socrates:

Socrates (470-399 BC), born in Athens, Greece, was an ancient Greek thinker, philosopher, educator, and civic juror. As a young man, he consulted with the famous sages such as Protegra and Prodicus to discuss various important social, personal, and philosophical issues. He also received training from the wise woman Diotima.

Claiming to be accompanied by "miracles" indicates what to do. It was also influenced by the Orffy Esoteric and Pythagorean sects.

When he was young, he learned the craft of carving from his father, and became a very learned person by self-education. In middle age, he became a well-known figure in Athens. It is recorded that Socrates was eventually sentenced to death by the Athenian court for insulting the Athenian gods, introducing new theism, and corrupting the minds of the Athenian youth.

In 399 BC, he drank poisoned wine and died at the age of 70. Socrates, along with his student Plato and Plato's student Aristotle, are known as the Three Sages of Greece and are widely regarded as the founders of Western philosophy.

The main elements of Socratic thought are as follows:

1. Soul. Socrates demanded a "turn of the heart" from the study of nature to the study of the self, which later became known as the pulling of philosophy from heaven back to earth. He believed that the search for the truth of nature was endless; It feels like the world is constantly changing, and therefore the knowledge gained is uncertain.

2. Soul. Socrates' doctrine of the soul further makes the distinction between spirit and matter clearer. The philosophers before Socrates had already had the idea that the soul was immortal, and there was already the germ of the opposition between idealism and materialism.

However, the philosophers before him still had a vague view of the soul, and some regarded the soul as the most delicate substance.

3. Truth. He rejected the relativism of the wise men, arguing that there can be various "opinions", but there can only be one "truth"; "Opinions" can change from person to person and with other conditions, but "truth" is eternal and unchanging. In Plato's early dialogues, the topics discussed were almost always the question of how to define ethics.

What Socrates pursues is to demand the knowledge of "beauty itself" and "justice itself", which is the universal definition of beauty and justice, and is true knowledge, that is, what Plato called "the idea of beauty" and "the idea of justice". This was the first form of "theory of ideas" in the history of Western philosophy.

Thought advocates the turning of the mind, the immortality of the soul, the opposition to relativism, and the distinction between spiritual and material entities. Socrates had a strong influence on philosophers in later antiquity and modern times. Socrates' depictions of art, literature, and popular culture make him one of the most widely known figures in the Western philosophical tradition.

Before the emergence of Socrates, people were more concerned about "natural philosophy", but Socrates himself focused his research on the human self out of concern for human beings and social development, because Socrates himself did not leave any books for posterity, and many of his words were recorded by his students. For example, "Dialogues" uses Socrates to talk to others.

Socrates advocated a shift in the mind, shifting the focus of philosophical research from the study of the natural world to the study of man himself, so that man and nature could be strictly distinguished from each other, and became an entity different from the natural world.

Socrates also emphasized the immortality of the soul. Although previous philosophers had studied this, the research was vague, and it was only by the time of Socrates that he clearly distinguished the soul from the matter, emphasizing that the two are fundamentally different. It laid the foundation for the development of idealism in the future.

Socrates was a philosopher in ancient Greece, and his ideas can be summarized mainly in the following aspects:

The Importance of Knowledge and Truth: Socrates believed that knowledge and truth are the foundation of human existence and happiness, and that wisdom and happiness can only be attained through the constant pursuit of knowledge and truth.

Self-knowledge and self-discipline: Socrates believed that human beings must know and control themselves in order to achieve true freedom and happiness. He advocated that people should think deeply about their inner world, master their own desires and emotions, so as to achieve self-management and self-control.

The Importance of Dialogue and Discussion: Socrates believed that through dialogue and discussion, human beings can discover truth and knowledge and improve their thinking and behavior. He advocated that people should have a frank exchange of views and keep dialogue and discussion open and inclusive.

Independent Thinking and Critical Spirit: Socrates advocated that people should have independent thinking and critical spirit, and should not accept the opinions and prejudices of others easily. He believes that true knowledge and understanding can only be achieved through thinking about things and questioning them.

Socrates' ideas have had a profound impact on Western philosophy, ethics, and pedagogy. His ideas not only had an important impact on the culture and society of ancient Greece, but also played a crucial role in the formation and development of the ideas of later philosophers and thinkers, such as Plato and Aristotle.