What is the arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus?

The first three levels: the maximum number of electrons contained in each electron shell is 2n2, the outermost shell is not more than 8 (no more than 2 when k is the outermost shell), the secondary outer shell is no more than 18, and the penultimate layer is no more than 32, and the extranuclear electrons are always arranged in the lowest energy electron shell first, and then from the inside to the outside.

electronic sublayer s p d, respectively can be put 2, 6, 10....According to the electrosphere and the electronic sublayer, for example: carbon, there are electrons number6, and the extranuclear electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p2....1s represents the first electron layer S sublayer, and the second second is the number of electrons contained in the sublayer....Satisfying Honte's rule, the principle of lowest energy, and Pauli's principle of incompatibility...

The law of electron arrangement outside the nucleus refers to the introduction of the law of electron arrangement outside the nucleus, mainly including Pauli incompatibility principle, energy minimum principle, flood rule, incompatibility principle, etc. The principle of incompatibility between the two electrons can only be accommodated in each orbital, and the spins are paired oppositely.

The hierarchical arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus is no more than 2 in the first layer and no more than 8 in the second layer. The outermost layer does not exceed 8.

The arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus: electrons are always scattered in the lowest energy electron shell first; The maximum number of electrons held in each electron layer is 2n2; The number of electrons in the outermost shell does not exceed 8 (no more than 2 in the outermost shell of the k-layer), no more than 18 in the sub-outer shell, and no more than 32 electrons in the penultimate shell.

The arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus is 2*n 2, and n is the number of electron layers. The arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus is helped by a series of theories of atomic structure. It includes the structure of the atomic shell, the electron cloud model, etc., which will be elaborated below from the different angular rental deniers.

The hierarchical arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus:

1. No more than 2 on the first floor and no more than 8 on the second floor;

2. No more than 8 in the outermost layer. The maximum number of electrons in each layer is 2n2 (n represents the number of electron layers), that is, no more than 2 in the first layer, no more than 8 in the second layer, and no more than 18 in the third layer;

3. The number of electrons in the outermost shell should not exceed 8 (when there is only 1 electron layer, up to 2 electrons can be accommodated).

4. The principle of lowest energy: the electron first occupies the orbital with low energy as much as possible, and then enters the orbital with high energy, so that the energy of the whole atom is in the lowest state.

5. Pauli's principle: each atomic orbital can only hold a maximum of 2 electrons, and the spin state is reversed.

6. Hunt's rule: When electrons are arranged in different orbitals of the same energy level, the electrons in the ground state atom always preferentially occupy one orbital alone, and the spin state is the same.

The extranuclear electron configuration follows certain laws, the most commonly used of which is the simple periodic table method based on the atomic number and electronic structure of an element. The following is the law of electron configuration outside the nucleus:

Atomic number: The atomic number indicates the position of the element in the periodic table and also represents the number of protons in the nucleus of the element. For example, hydrogen has an atomic number of 1 and oxygen has an atomic number of 8.

Electronic shell: The electronic shell is the energy level at which electrons surround the nucleus of an atom, arranged in increasing order of energy level, and are represented by letters such as k, l, m, n, o, p, q, etc. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in each electronic shell can be calculated by 2n2, where n is the principal quantum number of the shell.

Electron filling order: The electrons are filled into the electronic shell in turn according to a certain filling order. In the filling sequence, the lower energy shell is filled first, and then the higher energy level shell is filled.

According to"The Oppenhouse Rule"(aufbau principle), which follows the principle of lowest energy, that is, the shell of the lower energy level is filled with the shell of the higher energy level before it is filled.

E-Fill Rules:

The innermost shell of each shell can only hold 2 electrons.

The first shell (k-shell) holds up to 2 electrons.

The second shell (l-shell) holds up to 8 electrons.

The third shell (m-shell) holds up to 18 electrons.

The subsequent shells are sequentially filled to accommodate up to 32 electrons.

Common extranuclear electron configuration:

For first-cycle elements such as hydrogen and helium, their electron filling order is 1 and 2, respectively.

For second-period elements like lithium, beryllium, boron, etc., their electron-filled order is and 2 respectively.

For third-period elements (e.g., sodium, magnesium, aluminum, etc.), their electron-filling order is and 1 respectively.

By analogy, according to the atomic number of the element and the law of the electronic shell, the arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus of different elements can be determined.

It should be noted that in some special cases, some transition metals and rare earth elements may have some complexity in the electron bumping cloth. But in general, the extranuclear electron configuration still follows the above law.

Each electron shell outside the nucleus holds a maximum of 2n2 electrons, where n represents the number of electron shells. No more than 2 on the first floor, no more than 8 on the second floor, no more than 18 on the third floor, and so on.

The number of outermost electrons of an atom shall not exceed 8 (no more than 2 when the K layer is the outermost shell), and the number of electrons in the secondary outer shell shall not exceed 18 (no more than 2 electrons when the K layer is the subouter shell, and no more than 8 electrons when the L layer is the second outer shell).

The electrons are always arranged in the electron shell with lower energy, and then from the inside to the outside, in order to be arranged in the electron shell with gradually higher energy.

The above is the basic law of electron configuration outside the nucleus, and understanding the relationship between the periodicity and chemical properties of the electron configuration outside the nucleus of the parapositive nucleus is very helpful to understand the properties and reaction mechanisms of the elements.