The emergence of the El Ni o phenomenon has had an impact on our climate

Appearance: El Niño, also known as El Niño current, is a climate phenomenon that occurs when the ocean and atmosphere interact over a large area in the Pacific equatorial zone and become out of balance. Normally, the monsoon currents in the tropical Pacific region move from the Americas to Asia, keeping the Pacific surface warm and bringing tropical rainfall around Indonesia.

But this pattern is disrupted every 2 to 7 years, reversing the direction of winds and ocean currents, and the heat flow from the surface of the Pacific Ocean turns eastward towards the Americas, taking with it tropical rainfall and creating the so-called "El Niño".

Impact: El Niño has a serious impact on our climate].

First of all, the number of typhoons has decreased, and after the occurrence of the El Niño phenomenon, the number of tropical storms (typhoons) in the northwest Pacific and the number of landfalls along the coast of China are lower than in normal years.

Usually in the year of El Niño, China's summer monsoon is weak, the monsoon is southerly, located in the central part of China or south of the Yangtze River, and the northern region of China is often prone to drought and high temperature in summer. After the strong El Niño in 1997, drought and high temperatures in northern China were very obvious.

The third is that the southern part of our country is prone to low temperature and floods, and in the year after the occurrence of the El Niño phenomenon, in the southern part of our country, including the Yangtze River basin and the Jiangnan region, it is prone to floods, and the severe floods that have occurred in our country in the past 100 years, such as 1931, 1954 and 1998, all occurred in the following year of the El Niño year. In 1998, El Niño was one of the most important factors influencing the devastating floods that struck our country.

Finally, in the winter after the occurrence of El Niño, the northern part of China is prone to warm winters.

According to the meteorological data of the past 50 years, after the occurrence of El Niño, the probability of high winter temperature in China is greater, and the summer precipitation in the southern part of China is easy to be more in the second year, while the northern region often has a wide range of drought.

El Niño (Elnino) in Spanish means "child", El Niño phenomenon is the phenomenon that guides the abnormal increase in the surface temperature of the sea surface in the cold current area off the west coast of the Americas around Christmas, it is like a "warm pool", through the change of surface temperature to the atmospheric heating field changes and then brings changes to the weather in various places, so that the original dry and rainless places produce floods, and usually rainy places are prone to prolonged drought and little rain.

From the perspective of the location of the main rain belt from June to August in China, in 75% of El Niño years, the summer rain belt is located in the Yangtze River and Huai River basins. Figuratively speaking, the low-frequency oscillations of the atmospheric circulation in the tropics can be compared to the beating of the heart in the tropics, and the occurrence of an El Niño event is like a heart attack in the tropics, causing the regular low-frequency oscillations to be abnormal.

When the above-mentioned El Niño phenomenon occurs, the surface water temperature is anomalous as high as 3 or more throughout the central and eastern Pacific seas, and the strong rise in sea surface temperature causes a large reduction of plankton in the water, which hits the fishery production of Peru, and at the same time causes floods or drought disasters in the equatorial Pacific regions such as Ecuador, such an El Niño phenomenon is called an El Niño event. It is generally believed that the SST is above the positive anomaly for three consecutive months, which is considered to be an El Niño event. Conversely, if the SST along the coast of South America is above negative for three consecutive months, it is considered to be an anti-El Niño event, also known as a La Niña event.

At present, according to the research of meteorologists, it is generally believed that the occurrence of El Niño events is of predictive significance to climate disasters in many parts of the world, so its monitoring has become an important part of climate monitoring.

Historically, there have been 13 El Niño events in the world since 1950. Of these, the one that occurred in 1997 and continues to this day is the most serious. The main manifestations are:

From the Northern Hemisphere to the Southern Hemisphere, from Africa to Latin America, the climate has become strange and incredible, with the sun blazing in cool places, the warm spring season suddenly snowing heavily, the rainy season arriving without a drop of rain, and the dry season flooding

Scientists believe that the occurrence of El Niño is related to the deterioration of the human natural environment, is the direct result of the increase in the global warming effect, and is related to the fact that human beings take too much from nature and do not pay attention to environmental protection.

1. Reasons. When the southeast trade winds blowing near the equator in the southern hemisphere weaken, the cold water flooding in the Pacific region will decrease or stop, resulting in a wide range of abnormal warming of sea water temperature, and the traditional equatorial ocean current and atmospheric circulation will be abnormal, resulting in abnormal precipitation in some areas along the Pacific coast, and severe drought in other places.

When the Earth's rotation decelerates, the "brake effect" causes the atmosphere and sea water in the equatorial belt to gain an eastward inertia, the equatorial current and trade winds weaken, the warm water in the western Pacific Ocean flows eastward, and the cold water in the eastern Pacific Ocean is blocked.

2. Impact: Vellino is prone to warm winters, heavy rains and floods in the south, high temperatures and droughts in the north, and cold summers in the northeast. Extreme weather is more dangerous than mere temperature changes.

1. Fewer typhoons. The number of tropical storms (typhoons) in the western Pacific and the number of landfalls along the coast of China are lower than those in normal years.

2. The summer monsoon is weak, and the monsoon rain belt is southerly, located in central China or south of the Yangtze River. The northern region is prone to drought and high temperature in summer, and the southern region is prone to low temperature and flooding. Severe floods in China in the past 100 years, such as the floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 1931, 1954 and 1998, all occurred in the year following the emergence of the El Niño phenomenon.

3. In the winter after the occurrence of El Niño, the northern part of China is prone to warm winters.

El Niño.

Also known as the El Niño Current, it is a climate phenomenon caused by the imbalance of the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere over a large area of the Pacific equatorial belt.

1. The southeast trade winds weakened.

When the Southern Hemisphere. When the southeast trade winds blowing near the equator weaken, the cold water flooding in the Pacific region will decrease or stop, resulting in a wide range of abnormal warming of sea water temperature, and the anomalies of traditional equatorial ocean currents and atmospheric circulation, resulting in abnormal precipitation in some areas along the Pacific coast and severe drought in other places.

2. Rotation of the earth.

The study found that El Niño events.

The short-term change of the Earth's rotation rate is inversely correlated with the change of SST in the eastern equatorial Pacific, that is, when the Earth's rotation rate accelerates in the short term, the SST in the eastern equatorial Pacific decreases. Conversely, when the rate of the Earth's rotation chain slows down for a short time, the SST in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean increases. This suggests that the slowdown in the Earth's rotation may be the main reason for the formation of El Niño.

El Niño is prone to warm winters, heavy rains and floods in the south, high temperatures and droughts in the north, and cold summers in the northeast. Extreme weather is more dangerous than mere temperature changes.

1. Fewer typhoons. Tropical storm in the western Pacific Ocean.

The number of typhoons and the number of landfalls along the coast of China are less than those in normal years.

2. The summer monsoon is weak, and the monsoon rain belt is southerly, located in central China.

or the area south of the Yangtze River. Northern Regions.

Drought and high temperature are prone to occur in summer, and low temperature and flooding are prone to occur in the south. Severe floods in China in the past 100 years, such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 1931, 1954 and 1998.

of floods occurred the year after the El Niño phenomenon.

3. In the winter after the occurrence of the El Niño phenomenon, the northern region of China is prone to warm winters.

Changing the global climate. The most immediate effects are manifested in the monsoon regions of the Pacific and North Indian Oceans

Because El Niño makes the cold water in the eastern Pacific Ocean become warm, the easterly trade winds in the Pacific Ocean weaken, and the warm water that was originally accumulated in the western Pacific Ocean flows eastward, so that the thickness of the surface sea water and the thickness of the warm water layer in the western part of the Pacific Ocean are significantly reduced, which will weaken the intensity of the southwest and southeast monsoons flowing over the warm water layer, resulting in obvious drought in the South Asian monsoon region, while the East Asian monsoon region is weakened by the southeast monsoon, so that the northern region cannot be affected by the southeast monsoon and have summer drought, and the Yangtze River basin in the south, because the southeast monsoon lingers for a long time, which makes the area flooded. Then, due to changes in atmospheric circulation, the climate of the whole world has changed.