What are the five functional components of computer hardware? What is the role of each component

Input devices, output devices, combinators, controllers, memory.

1. Computer hardware system.

Although the technology of computer manufacturing has changed dramatically since the birth of the first electronic computer, in terms of its system, it is all based on the same principle of operation: stored programs and program control. This idea was developed by the American-Hungarian mathematician von.

Neumann first proposed it in 1946 and is known as Feng. Neumann Computer. Its hardware part is composed of five functional parts:

1. Combinator.

Combinators are components that perform arithmetic and logical operations.

2. a controller.

The controller is a component that realizes the connection between various parts of the computer and the automatic execution of the program, and its function is to take out the commands from the memory in turn, generate control signals, and issue instructions to other components to direct the entire computing process. The controller is the center of unified command and coordination of other components.

Note 1: People often refer to the combination of the combinator and the controller as the ** processor, referred to as the CPU.

3. Memory.

Memory is the component that stores information, which is divided into memory and external memory. The memory is under the command of the controller and exchanges information with combinators and input and output devices. External memory is set up to compensate for the lack of memory, and under the control of the controller, it exchanges data with the memory in batches.

Note 2: Combinators, controllers, and memory are collectively referred to as hosts.

4. Input device.

An input device is a component that converts data and programs into electrical signals and sends them into memory. Such as: keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, joystick, etc.

5. an output device.

An output device is a component that sends the results of computer processing to the host computer. Such as: monitors, printers, speakers, etc.

The basic components of computer hardware: combinators, controllers, memory, input devices, and output devices.

The main functions of combinators are arithmetic and logical operations.

A controller is a part that controls the entire computer and sends control signals to other parts of the computer to make them work in harmony.

The main function of the memory is to store programs and data.

Input and output devices are used for input and output information. An input device is a device that converts programs, data, and instructions into information that a computer can receive.

An output device is a device that represents the intermediate and final results of computer processing in the form of characters, **, graphics, and images that people can usually recognize.

Electronic computer hardware consists of combinators, controllers, memory, input devices, and output devices, and the combinators and controllers are integrated together and are collectively referred to as the CPU processor. Each component of the computer is connected by the bus to form an organic whole, and there are three kinds of microcomputer buses: address bus, control bus and data bus.

1) The main function of the combinator is: to complete arithmetic operations and logic grinding operations;

2) The function of the controller is: to coordinate and direct the work of various components of the computer;

3) The main function of the storage and dissipation of the storage device is to store programs and data to realize the function of memory.

4) The function of the input device is: input data and convert it into in-machine information storage;

5) The function of the output device is: to convert the information in the machine into characters and graphics that are easy to identify, process and use, and output the display.

Logic unit, which is the part of the computer to process data, including arithmetic operations and logical operations.

Second, the controller is responsible for taking out the instruction from the memory, and decoding the instruction, according to the requirements of the instruction, according to the order of time, is responsible for sending control signals to the other components, to ensure that the components work in harmony, step by step to complete various operations, the controller is mainly composed of instruction registers, decoders, program counters, operation controllers, etc.

3. Memory is divided into two kinds: internal memory and external memory, which is a part of computer memory or temporary data, and all information in the computer, including the original input data, the intermediate data that has been preliminarily processed and the useful information that has been processed finally are stored in the memory.

Fourth, the input device is a device that inputs information to the computer, it is an important man-machine interface, responsible for converting the input information, including data and instructions, into binary ** that the computer can recognize, and sending it to the memory for preservation.

5. An output device is a device that outputs the results of computer processing, and in most cases, it converts these results into a form that can be easily identified by people.

Processors: such as CPUs, former 387 floating-point coprocessors, etc.

2. Internal memory: memory.

3. External memory: such as hard disks, floppy disks, optical disks and some tape drives, etc.

4. Input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone voice control, camera are counted.

5. Output equipment: printers, monitors, etc.

1.Input device, 2Output device bai, 3Memory DU, 4Combinator, 5Controller.

1) The controller is the command center of the whole computer, and all parts of the computer are controlled to work in unison according to the program requirements. (1 point).

2) Combinators are mainly responsible for arithmetic, logical or other calculations on data. (1 point) 3) Memory is the place where programs and data are stored in the computer. (1 point) 4) The main function of the input device is to convert external information into a code suitable for a computer.

5) The main function of the output equipment is to output the results of computer processing in the form that people require