The synthesis and processing of polymer materials, what are synthetic polymer materials

Before the polymer material is processed, it is synthesized to synthesize the monomer into a polymer for granulation, and then it is melt processed. The synthesis methods of polymer materials include bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization and gas phase polymerization. Among them, initiators play a very important role, azo initiators and peroxide initiators are commonly used initiators, and polymer material additives often play an obvious role in improving the performance of polymer materials and reducing costs.

Processing technologyThe processing and molding of polymer materials is not a simple physical process, but an important link that determines the final structure and properties of polymer materials. In addition to adhesives and coatings, which can generally be used directly without processing, rubber, fibers, plastics, etc. usually need to be processed into products by corresponding forming methods. The commonly used forming methods for plastic products include extrusion, injection, calendering, blow molding, molding or transfer molding.

Rubber products have molding processes such as plasticizing, mixing, calendering or extrusion. Fibers include spinning solution preparation, fiber forming and winding, post-processing, stretching and heat setting of primary fibers, etc.

During the molding process, the polymer may be affected by changes in temperature, pressure, stress and action time, resulting in polymer degradation, cross-linking and other chemical reactions, resulting in changes in the aggregate state structure and chemical structure of the polymer. Therefore, the processing process not only determines the appearance, shape and quality of polymer material products, but also has an important impact on the supramolecular structure, texture structure and even chain structure of the material.

Professional interpretation of polymer material processing technology.

1. Synthetic polymer refers to the polymer obtained by using monomers with known structure and relative molecular weight as raw materials and through a certain polysail silver synthesis reaction, mainly starting from phenolic resin.

2. In the early 20th century, chemists studied the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde, and found that two types of resins can be obtained under different reaction conditions, including meltable and soluble linear phenolic resins generated under acid catalysis, and the other is insoluble and non-melting bulk phenolic resins generated under alkali catalysis. These two phenolic resins are the first synthetic resins produced by chemical synthesis methods in human history.

3. Since then, the types of polymer materials synthesized and industrially produced have developed rapidly, and in the late 60s of the 20th century, new products emerged one after another, synthesizing plastic materials with various characteristics, such as polyoxymethylene, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, etc.; Special coatings, adhesives, liquid rubber, thermoplastic elastomers and high-temperature resistant special organic fibers are synthesized, making polymer synthetic materials an indispensable material for the national economy and daily life.

Dear, hello Wang Zhengsen, I am the answerer, Mr. Xiao Huang, and I am very happy to serve you. The processing requirements of polymer materials are as follows, taking rubber as an example, the material must have high elasticity at room temperature, and polyethylene does not have this characteristic at room temperature due to the crystallization of Qingsun, so polyethylene can not be used as rubber alone at room temperature. 2.

Characteristics of engineering plastics: 50 MPa 6 kJ m 2.

It's a big problem!

Not professional enough, just simple.

The polymerization reaction of small molecule organic compounds to generate polymer compounds, and then the materials mainly prepared by these polymer compounds through the combination of various additives are called organic land mill synthesized polymer materials.

For example, rubber (excluding natural rubber), plastics, fibers (excluding natural fibers, animal and plant fibers), coatings and adhesives for various purposes, etc., are all organic synthesis of high-resolution free materials.

<>Basic information

The professional duration of polymer synthesis technology is three years, the level is junior college (higher vocational), the professional class is chemical technology, and the first is 470206. His research interests include organic chemistry, polymer socks and physics, polymer molding technology, polymer production technology, etc.

Core Curriculum

The core courses of this major mainly include "Polymer Chemistry", "Polymer Physics", "Chemical Unit Operation", "Chemical Reaction Engineering", "Polymerization Reaction Process and Equipment", "Polymer Materials Production Technology", etc.

Direction of employment

The main employment direction of this major is for polymer synthesis enterprises, engaged in production operation, laboratory analysis, technology development, production management, synthetic resin production, synthetic rubber production, synthetic fiber production and other positions.

The above is the introduction of polymer synthesis technology, I hope it can help you!

1. Synthetic polymer refers to the polymer obtained by a certain polymerization reaction using monomers with known structure and relative molecular weight as raw materials, mainly starting from phenolic resin.

2. In the early 20th century, chemists studied the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde, and found that two types of resins can be obtained under different reaction conditions, including meltable and soluble linear phenolic resins generated under acid catalysis, and the other is insoluble and non-melting bulk phenolic resins generated under alkali catalysis. These two phenolic resins are the first synthetic resins in human history to be produced by chemical synthesis methods.

3. Since then, the types of polymer materials synthesized and industrially produced have developed rapidly, and in the late 60s of the 20th century, new products emerged one after another, synthesizing plastic materials with various characteristics, such as polyoxymethylene, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, etc.; Special coatings, adhesives, liquid rubber, thermoplastic elastomers and high-temperature resistant special organic fibers are synthesized, making polymer synthetic materials an indispensable material for the national economy and daily life.

<>1.Polymer compounds (polymers, polymers or polymers):

The molecule is much larger than that of a low-molecular-weight compound. Generally, the relative molecular mass of low-molecular organic compounds is less than 1000, while the relative molecular weight of high-molecular compounds is more than 10,000, and some can reach tens of millions.

The basic characteristics of polymer compounds: the relative molecular mass is large, generally more than 10,000.

For example, the average relative molecular weight of polyvinyl chloride is 5-150,000; Natural rubber 40-1 million.

2.Synthesis of polymer compounds:

Polymerization is a chemical reaction in which a polymer is synthesized from small molecule monomers.

Polymerization reactions are divided into polyaddition reactions and polycondensation reactions.

1) Polyaddition reaction: a reaction in which one or more monomers containing unsaturated bonds are combined with each other to form polymer compounds through addition reaction.

1) Homopolymerization reaction: It is formed by the polymerization of only one monomer, and its molecular chain contains only one monomer composed of links, which is called homopolymerization reaction. The resulting polymer is called a homopolymer.

The common polyaddition reaction is to change from ethylene monomer to ethylene polymer compound, and its wild card ballast formula is:

Such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and other polymers.

2) Copolymerization reaction: polymerization of two or more monomers at the same time, the resulting polymer contains a variety of monomers composed of links, this polymerization reaction is called copolymerization reaction. The resulting polymer is called a copolymer.

For example, ABS engineering plastics are made of acrylonitrile (CH2=CH-CN), butadiene (CH2=CH-CH=CH2) and styrene (C6H6-CH=CH2) three different monomers copolymerized.

Copolymers can often combine some of the properties of two or more homopolymers, so the copolymerization method can improve the performance of the product.

2) Polycondensation reaction: refers to the reaction in which one or more monomers with two or more functional groups condense each other to form polymers, and at the same time there are low-molecular substances (such as water, hydrogen halide, ammonia, alcohol, etc.) precipitated. The condensation polymers retain the structural characteristics of functional groups, and most of them are heterochain polymers.

Nylon, polyester, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, etc. are all prepared by polycondensation reaction. For example, nylon-66 is formed by the condensation of adipic acid (HCOO-(CH2)4-COOH) and hexamethylenediamine (H2N-(CH2)6-NH2). Nylon-66 is easily soluble in polar solvents such as formic acid.