The law of the development and evolution of Western economics

China is in the process of changing from a traditional planned economic system to a market economic structure. The essence of the socialist market economy is a market economy under socialist conditions. From a historical point of view, the bourgeoisie was the forerunner of the market economy.

When we are building a socialist market economic system, it is of practical significance to draw on and absorb the successful experience of the bourgeois market economy in Western economics. As a way of resource allocation, the market economy is not determined by a certain social system and does not have the nature of any social system. Therefore, the general laws of the market economy and the development and evolution of Western economics have a great enlightening effect on us.

I. The Origin and Evolution of Modern Western Economics Modern Western economics is relative to Marxist political economy. Therefore, Western economics mainly refers to bourgeois economics. The use of the word "Western" instead of the term "bourgeoisie" is entirely due to habit.

Just as Japan is often grouped into the category of Western industrialized countries, Japan's bourgeois economic theories also fall under the category of Western economies. Western economics is a fairly broad and loose discipline, which can refer to a large number of different literature, materials and statistical reports related to economic problems. It includes at least three aspects:

The first is the methods and experience of economic management and economic analysis. Such as accounting, economic statistics, business management, managerial economics, econometrics, etc.; The second is for a certain economic sector or field, topic, or issue.

More and more branches, and every time there is a socio-economic upheaval, there will be a big change in economics, more and more detailed, and more and more revised.

The capitalist countries were established with laissez-faire economic policies, Keynesianism after World War II, and adjusted after 1973.

Western economics has a history of more than 200 years since its development, but it has deeply shocked the world and made generations of readers crazy.

In the beginning, people thought that economics was about the study of wealth, the study of how to obtain the greatest wealth, and in the early days, people thought that wealth was precious gold and silver, and they were directly in the field of circulation, so economists came to the conclusion that to protect the field of circulation, that is, to protect the development of commerce.

This seems to be the original mercantilism, but also the most primitive state interventionism. The representative of this period was William Petty, who first proposed the labor theory of value.

The fundamental reason for the emergence of Western economics is the scarcity of resources.

In Western economics: scarcity refers to the fact that compared with people's infinite desires, the resources used to satisfy human desires are limited, which is the law of resource scarcity in economics. In economics, scarcity is used to describe the limited availability of resources, human desires are unlimited, but resources are finite, and limited resources are scarce relative to infinite desires.

Scarcity refers to a state in which there is always a finite number of goods, relative to demand. No realistic observer will deny that, despite two centuries of economic growth, the productive capacity of the United States cannot fully satisfy everyone's desires.

If all the needs are taken together, it will immediately become clear that the goods and services available are not at all sufficient to satisfy a fraction of every many's desire to consume, and that our national output must be many, many times greater so that the average American can attain the level of a doctor or a league baseball player. Not to mention countries outside the United States, especially in Africa and Asia. There, thousands of people are even starving and cold.

Scarcity can also be artificially made, which can make an item more visible and thus trigger a panic sale. Such as the current "hunger marketing".