Xunzi of the royal system Wang system, Xunzi Translation of The Royal System helps

Water and fire have air but no life, plants and trees have life but no sense, and animals have consciousness but do not speak of morality; People are angry, alive, conscious, and pay attention to morality, so people are the most precious in the world. Man is not as strong as an ox or a horse in running, but why is it that an ox and a horse are made into slavery? It's because:

People can be combined into social groups, but they cannot be combined into social groups. Why do people unite into social groups? It's because there is a hierarchy.

Why is it possible to implement hierarchical titles? It's because of morality. Therefore, when the name is determined according to morality, people can be in harmony; Harmony and harmony lead to unity;

When we are united, we have great strength; When the power is great, it is strong; When you are strong, you can overcome foreign things; So it is possible for people to settle down in the house. Therefore, there is no other reason why man can arrange the seasons in turn, manage all things well, and benefit the whole world, but from fame and morality.

Life cannot live without social groups, but when they are combined into social groups without the limitation of hierarchy, there will be contention, and when there is contention, there will be turmoil, and when there is turmoil, there will be detachment, and when there is turmoil, detachment from morality will weaken power, and if strength is weak, it will not be able to overcome external objects, so it will not be able to live in peace in the house—this is to say, people cannot give up propriety for a moment.

Xunzi is criticizing Confucianism in the past.

At the same time, it also inherited some traditional Confucian ideological views. For example, in the chapter of "The Imperial System", the exploitative class idea of "governing the life of a gentleman and giving birth to a villain in chaos" was proposed, and people were divided into gentlemen and villains. Hail respect, in turn, shows that it was heavily influenced by the limitations of the Confucian tradition and developed prejudices.

When it comes to the role of thinking in cognition, it exaggerates the role of the "heart" and shows a strong sense of idealism.

Color point of view.

Original text: If the horse is shocked, the gentleman is uneasy, and if the people are shocked, the gentleman is uneasy. If the horse is shocked, it is not quiet, and the people are shocked.

Choose virtuous and virtuous, raise respect, promote filial piety, collect orphans and widows, make up for poverty, and if so, then the people will be safe and secure. The people are in power, and then the gentleman is in place. Biography:

Gentleman, boat also; Those who are familiar with the people, the water is also. The water carries the boat, and the water capsits the boat. That's right.

Therefore, if the monarch wants to be safe, he will love the people, if he wants to be honored, he will pay tribute to the people, and if he wants to make meritorious contributions, he will be able to make a virtuous person, which is the great festival of the monarch. If the three sections are appropriate, then the rest should not be carried out; If the three verses are not appropriate, then the rest will be useless, even if they are crooked. Confucius said:

The big section is also, the small section is also, and the king is also. The big section is also, the small section is out of the Yan, a into the Yan, the king is also. The big section is not, although the small section is also, I have no view of the rest.

Taken from "Xunzi Wang").

Translation: If a horse is frightened while pulling a cart, then the gentleman cannot sit on the cart; The common people are frightened by politics, so the gentleman cannot sit in their position. The horse is frightened while pulling the cart, and there is nothing better than to quiet it; The common people are frightened by politics, and there is nothing better than to give them a favor.

Choosing virtuous people, promoting loyal and honest people, advocating filial piety to parents, respecting brothers, adopting orphans and widows, and subsidizing the poor, like this, then the common people will be content with politics. The common people are content with politics, and then the gentleman can be in the upper position. The ancient book says:

The monarch, like a ship; The people are like water. Water can float a boat, and water can capsize a boat. That's what I'm talking about.

Therefore, if the monarch who rules the people wants to be stable, there is no better way to adjust his policies and love the people; If you want to be glorified, there is nothing better than honoring propriety and righteousness and respecting scholars; There is nothing better than advocating those who are virtuous and using those who are talented. These are important keys to being a monarch. If all three keys are done properly, then there is nothing wrong with the rest.

If these three keys are not done properly, then the rest are still useless even if they are appropriate everywhere, Confucius said: "The major sections are right, the small sections are also right, this is the superior monarch, the major sections are right, the small sections are a little different, this is the middle monarch." The major section is wrong, and even if the minor section is correct, I don't want to look at the rest anymore. ”

The sixth, seventh, and eighth chapters of Xunzi are respectively "Non-Twelve Sons", "Zhongni", and "Confucianism", and Xunzi expounds on the highest political ideal of unifying the world from the aspects of academics, politics, and talents.

The ninth chapter of Xunzi, "The Imperial System", analyzes different political situations such as kings, tyrants, Ansheng, danger, and extinction, so as to put forward a series of political views such as the king's person, the king's system, the king's ethics, and the king's law.

It's about environmental protection, and it's very similar to today's sustainable development. The meaning is as follows:

When the plant is developing, you should not go into the mountains to cut down trees. During the breeding period of turtles, turtles, turtles, and loaches, they cannot be fished with nets, and they cannot be caught with medicine. Crops should be sown according to the seasons and the laws of plant growth throughout the year, so that there will be more crops and the people will have enough food in the future.

In the wild, we should also give protection at the appropriate time according to the laws of nature to prevent interference, so that there will be more and better fish and turtles, and the people will be able to catch fish and turtles next year. For the forests, cut down the trees at the right time to cultivate the forests, so that the people will have surplus forests in the coming year.