What type of trade policy does China s foreign trade law belong to 10

China's international policy can be divided into freedom policy and protection policy.

1. Freedom ** policy:

The liberal policy refers to the abolition of the state's restrictions on imports and exports.

restrictions and obstacles, cancel all kinds of privileges and preferential treatment for the import and export of goods and services, so that goods can be freely imported and exported, and services can be operated freely, that is to say, the state will not intervene in the activities of the country, and allow the goods, services and related factors to compete freely in the domestic and foreign markets. Liberal policies are an important component of laissez-faire economic policy.

2. Protection policy:

From the historical investigation of the emergence and development of the international policy, foreign policy can be summarized into two types: freedom policy and protection policy. The so-called liberal policy refers to the relaxation or cancellation of restrictions on import and export, and does not give special privileges or preferential treatment to domestic imported goods, so that commodities can be freely imported and exported, and compete freely in domestic and foreign markets.

Protective policy refers to the state to take various measures to restrict imports to protect domestic goods from foreign commodity competition in the domestic market, and to give preferential treatment and subsidies to domestic export commodities to encourage commodity exports, that is, to limit the entry of prizes.

1.Adhere to the combination of bringing in and going out.

2.Actively participate in international competition and cooperation.

3.Make full use of domestic and international resources and two markets.

4.Adhere to the principles of independence, self-reliance, equality and mutual benefit.

5.Adhere to the strategy of winning by quality and market diversification.

6.Actively change the growth mode of foreign trade.

7.Enhance the awareness of rules and laws, and improve laws and regulations.

8.In line with the trend of globalization of the economy, we will cultivate high-quality personnel who are familiar with the rules of the WTO and the international community.

9.Transform the mode of economic management and speed up the adjustment of industrial structure.

10.Implement the scientific outlook on development, and coordinate international and domestic.

It is necessary to develop the external **. Promoting economic development and increasing employment through development is a long-term policy that we must adhere to. It is necessary to optimize the structure of imports and exports, change the mode of growth of foreign trade, and strive to alleviate the contradiction of an excessively large foreign trade surplus.

Support the export of independent brands and high value-added products, expand the export of service products and agricultural products, control the export of high-energy-consuming and high-polluting products, and promote the transformation and upgrading of processing. It is necessary to increase imports of energy, raw materials, advanced technology and equipment, and key parts and components. Strengthen the management of national ports and inspection and quarantine work.

It is necessary to do a good job in utilizing foreign capital. Pay attention to improving the quality of the introduction of foreign capital and optimizing the crust and cavity structure, and introduce more advanced technology, management experience and high-quality talents. We will guide multinational companies to transfer high-end manufacturing and R&D links to China, and attract foreign investment to accelerate the expansion of old industrial bases and areas in line with industrial policies, such as the central and western regions and the northeast region.

Vigorously undertake international service outsourcing and improve the development level of China's service industry. Strengthen the guidance and regulation of foreign mergers and acquisitions. Optimize the investment environment, standardize the behavior of attracting investment, and correct the practice of giving preferential policies in disguised form and issuing decomposition targets at various levels in violation of laws and regulations in some localities.

It is necessary to guide and standardize enterprises' foreign investment and cooperation. We will improve policies and measures such as fiscal and taxation, credit, foreign exchange, and insurance, and support enterprises of all forms of ownership that are strong, reputable, and competitive in going global. Strengthen guidance and coordination to avoid blind investment and vicious competition by enterprises abroad.

Develop foreign contracted projects and labor cooperation. Do a good job in overseas economic cooperation zones. Promote the Doha Round negotiation process, actively participate in multilateral rule-making, and steadily advance the construction of bilateral and regional free zones.

International policy is a series of policies and measures formulated by the state in order to safeguard its own interests and adjust international activities. International policies usually include policies, investment policies, tariff policies, barrier policies, non-tariff barrier policies, etc.

At present, the common types of international** policies include:

1.Free dismantling ** policy.

Liberal policies are policies that encourage the free flow of goods and services without restrictions or barriers. Liberal policies typically include the removal or reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers, the removal of restrictions and regulations, etc.

2.Protectionist policies.

Protectionist policies refer to the measures adopted by the state to protect domestic industries and employment, such as restricting imports and raising tariffs and non-tariff barriers. Such policies can promote the development of domestic industries, but they may also lead other countries to take countermeasures against their own exports, exacerbating conflicts.

3.Balanced policy.

Balanced policy refers to a series of policies adopted by the state to promote the balance between imports and exports, and avoid the occurrence of deficits or over-dependence on certain partners. Such policies may include adjusting exchange rates, setting import and export quotas, adjusting tariffs, etc.

4.Bilateral** agreements.

A bilateral agreement refers to an agreement signed between two countries aimed at promoting activities between the two countries, strengthening cooperation, and improving the efficiency and facilitation of imports and exports. Bilateral** agreements usually include tariff reductions, investment liberalization, intellectual property protection, etc.

5.Multilateral** agreements.

Multilateral agreements refer to agreements signed between multiple countries to promote worldwide liberalization and investment liberalization, narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, and achieve global economic cooperation. The representative of the multilateral agreement is the World Organization (WTO), which currently has 164 member countries around the world.

Different types of international** policies may have different effects and impacts when they are implemented, and they need to be selected and adjusted accordingly according to the actual situation and national interests.

The international policy is the policy of simplifying and matching with the outside world.

Foreign policy is a general term for the principles, guidelines and measures for countries to manage imports and exports in a certain period of time.

It includes: general foreign policy, national foreign policy, import and export commodity policy.

A country's foreign policy is an important part of the country's economic policy and foreign policy, it changes with the changes in the world political and economic situation, the development of international political and economic relations, and it also reflects the different levels of economic development of various countries, reflects the power and status of countries in the world market, and it is also affected by different interest groups within a country.

There are two basic types of a country's foreign policy: liberal policy and protective policy.

A complete policy should include: policy subject, policy object, policy objectives, policy content and policy means.

From the perspective of the internal composition of foreign policy, it should include three levels:

1. The general policy of foreign affairs, including the general policy of imports and exports.

This is a basic foreign policy formulated for a relatively long period of time in accordance with the overall situation of the country's national economy, the country's economic and political position on the world stage, the country's economic development strategy, the competitiveness of its products in the world market, and the country's resources and industrial structure.

2. Foreign country (or regional) policies.

This is a foreign policy that adapts to a specific country (or region) based on the general foreign policy and the world economic and political situation, and the economic and political relations between the country and different countries (or regions).

3. Specific foreign policies, also known as import and export commodity policies.

This is on the basis of the general foreign policy, according to the development needs of different industries, the demand and situation of different commodities at home and abroad, and the competitiveness in the world market, respectively, the foreign policy applicable to different industries or different categories of commodities.

The formulation of foreign policy generally reflects the interests and will of the ruling class in the country. In capitalist countries, within the dominant bourgeoisie, there are generally a number of different interest groups. In a certain period of time, if a certain group has the upper hand politically, the country's foreign policy will reflect the interests and will of this group and mainly serve this group.

As a result, there are often quarrels between different interest groups in the capitalist countries on this issue.

The formulation of a country's foreign policy is generally carried out by the country's legislature. In capitalist countries, the parliament directly passes bills, or the parliament authorizes the formulation and promulgation of relevant decrees or regulations, such as the increase or decrease of tariffs on import and export commodities, the quota of import and export commodities, whether to implement a licensing system, commodity inspection regulations, and the signing of agreements with foreign countries.

Before formulating foreign policies, the legislature generally has to consult the opinions of major enterprise groups. Big business owners are also bound to exert influence in a variety of ways, including through their organizations, business owners' associations or chambers of commerce, to make recommendations to the legislature.

In terms of the implementation and implementation of foreign policies, the state generally sets up a series of special agencies to manage import and export commodities in accordance with the provisions of foreign policies. For example, the Ministry of Foreign Trade or the Ministry of Commerce is established as the administrative agency of foreign affairs; Customs shall be set up at ports open to the outside world as channels for the import and export of commodities to supervise and inspect commodities, collect customs duties, and prohibit smuggling; Set up the Export-Import Bank to financially support the import and export of commodities, issue export credits, and handle international payment and settlement; Establish commodity inspection bureaus and health and quarantine agencies to check the quality, hygiene and technical standards of imported and exported commodities.

The first is liberalization, such as tariff reduction, reduction of non-tariff barriers, etc.

The second is protection, such as the implementation of quotas, the imposition of anti-dumping duties, etc.