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You're fucking joking.
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Key points of the experiment report
1. Title page. Not all lab reports have a title page, but if the instructor wants a title page, it should be a separate page that includes: the title of the experiment, your own name and the name of your lab partner, the name of the supervisor, and the date the experiment was conducted or the report was submitted.
II. Title. The title says what was done. It should be brief and describe the main points of the experiment or investigation.
3. Introduction. Typically, an introduction is a paragraph that explains the goals or objectives of the laboratory. State the hypothesis in one sentence. Sometimes the presentation may contain background information, a brief summary of how the experiment was conducted, a statement of the findings of the experiment, and a summary of the investigation.
Fourth, the steps. Describe the steps completed during the investigation. Be detailed enough that anyone can read this section and replicate the experiment. It may be helpful to provide a diagram to describe the experimental setup.
5. Data. The numerical data obtained from the process is usually presented in the form of **. The data includes what was recorded while the experiment was performed.
6. Results. Describe the meaning of the data in words. Sometimes the "Results" section is combined with the "Discussion" section.
7. Discussion or analysis.
The data section contains numbers, and the Analysis section contains any calculations made based on those numbers. This is where the data is interpreted and the assumptions are accepted, and where any mistakes that may have been made while conducting the survey are discussed.
8. Conclusion. Most often, the conclusion is a paragraph that summarizes what happened in the experiment, whether the assumption was accepted or rejected, and what that means.
9. Graphs and charts.
Both charts and graphs must be marked with descriptive titles. Label the axes on the chart, making sure to include the units of measurement. Be sure to refer to the figures and graphs in the body of the report.
10. Reference. If the research is based on someone else's literature, or cites facts that require documentation, then those references should be listed.
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The writing and main format of the chemical experiment report are as follows:
1. The purpose of the experiment is the same.
Abstract: A brief description of the most important practices and objectives of the experiment.
2. Experimental equipment: all equipment and detailed records of each number.
3. Flow chart of experimental steps: The steps and process of the experiment should be described in a way that you can think about, and a flow chart should be drawn. (This is usually described in detail in the lab booklet, however, it is best not to copy it, but to express it in its entirety in a simple flowchart).
4. Experimental Records and Data Analysis: Record the experimental results, analyze, graph, and calculate all possible calculated data and data analysis required by the experimental brochure.
6. Discussion and improvement: The results of each experiment are not completely correct, and errors may occur due to natural and human influences, write down the reasons for each possible error, and discuss the ways and experimental devices that may improve the correctness of the experiment.
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Iron plus copper sulfate experiment.
1. Add half of the copper sulfate particles issued by the teacher to water to prepare the copper sulfate solution, and the copper sulfate solution (one-fifth of the test tube) is light blue. There are some undissolved copper sulfate particles at the bottom of the tube, indicating that the solution is saturated.
2. Put an iron nail into the test tube, the surface of the iron nail immediately try to make a layer of purple-red stuff, shake the test tube, the purple-red solid falls off (this solid is copper), and after standing for ten minutes, the solution is pale green. (The color of the ferrous sulfate solution).
3. Experimental principle: fe+cuso4=cu+feso4
4. After standing for one hour, the solution stratification phenomenon occurs, the bottom layer is approximately transparent, the upper layer is light blue, the top layer is light green, and the density of copper sulfate is larger than that of ferrous sulfate, so the copper sulfate solution is below the ferrous sulfate, but what is the bottom layer?
1. Most likely is water, fresh water should be given on the top layer.
2. Will other substances be generated?
3 is most likely sulfuric acid, because the solubility of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate is not high, and it is easy to reach saturation, so the density of concentrated sulfuric acid should be greater than that of anhydrous copper sulfate.
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Subject: Remove limescale from a thermos!
Experimental Procedure:1Add household vinegar to the scale of the thermos;
2.Watch for the bubbles that form on the scale and it disappears slowly!
3.The gas is collected and passed into the clarified lime water!
Phenomenon: Clarified lime water becomes turbid!
Conclusion: The gas produced is carbon dioxide, and vinegar removes limescale!
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That's it, it's not that difficult.
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Objective: To identify oxygen and carbon monoxide.
Principle of experiment: Carbon dioxide can react with clarified lime water, and oxygen can rekindle wooden strips with sparks.
CO2 + CA (OH) 2 = CA CO3 + H20 experimental instruments and medicines: beaker, test tube dismantling, Zheng file catheter, clarified lime water, firewood, alcohol lamp.
Experimental procedure: The generated gas is introduced into the clarified lime water with a catheter, and the travel code is turbid, indicating that there is CO2, and after the gas is collected, a wooden strip with sparks is placed at the mouth of the bottle, and there is no phenomenon, indicating that there is no oxygen removal.
Conclusion: The gas produced is carbon dioxide.
Analysis and discussion: Is it possible that the gas produced is carbon monoxide? How to prove it?
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The ordinary solution you mentioned should refer to a strong alkali and strong acid solution, the electrolyte will be 100% dissolved in water, and the solution is neutral; The buffer is generally a strong alkali weak salt or a strong acid and weak alkali salt, the solution is generally not neutral, and the buffer reacts with an appropriate amount of acid or alkali, and the pH value will fluctuate within a certain range, which will not be very large, and keep the pH stable.
The buffer has a buffering effect because it is a strong alkali weak salt or strong acid and weak alkali salt solution, part of the ionic cluster of this substance will not be 100% ionized in water, the popular point is that part of it is ionized, and part of it is still in the form of molecular ions in water as a stock. For example, sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 is present in water with Na ions, H2CO3, HCO3 negative ions, CO3 (dinegative) ions, and OH negative ions (of course, there are trace amounts of hydrogen ions, ignoring the law), and the solution is alkaline. If an appropriate amount of acid is added to the sodium bicarbonate solution, the acid will first react with the OH anion in the solution, and the HCO3 anion and CO3 (dinegative) ions in the solution will hydrolyze the water molecules to form OH anion to achieve a new ionization equilibrium and maintain the stability of pH.
The specific process is that CO3 (dinegative) ions react with a water molecule to generate HCO3 negative and OH negative; The HCO3 negative ion reacts with a water molecule to form OH negative and H2CO3. Therefore, it can absorb an appropriate amount of acid and the pH is relatively stable. Neutralize a certain amount of alkali, the process is reversed.
This is also the principle for our normal human blood to maintain pH stability. But if there is too much acidity and alkali, it will be powerless. Similarly, there are sodium phosphate (potassium), sodium monobasic phosphate (potassium), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (potassium), etc.
The nature is appropriately briefly described in points 1 or 2.
The concentration of the solution, the temperature, the pressure, the type of substance, the ionization of the buffer solute, and many other factors, all I can think of, is this.
Go to a certain amount of buffer, indirectly add an appropriate amount of acid and base, and measure the pH value once each time until the pH value changes significantly.
It's pretty much the same as point 4.
The explanation is very confusing, I don't know if I understand it.
Search the Internet, a lot.
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