Based on the above materials, the development trend of foreign trade management policies in ancient

Characteristics of the Tang and Song dynasties:

Mainly by sea;

**The center is mainly in the south;

The number of foreign businessmen coming to China has increased unprecedentedly;

A set of foreign trade management systems has been created, such as the Municipal Shipping Division.

Causes: Rapid development of agro-handicrafts in the South;

the development of maritime transport ** and the developed water transport in the south;

The preferential treatment policy of foreign merchants in the feudal dynasty attracted traders.

The main forms of foreign affairs in ancient China: During the Qin and Han dynasties, foreign affairs were mainly by land. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, water and land went hand in hand.

During the Song and Song dynasties, land trade routes were interrupted, and overseas trade routes were developed. The Liao, Xia, and Jin regimes transported the coins to the west. During the Yuan Dynasty, the two trade routes of water and land went hand in hand.

In the Ming Dynasty, shipping was developed, reaching as far as East Africa and the Red Sea. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the country was closed to the public, and only Guangzhou was allowed to receive foreign businessmen.

Purpose: ** Not for profit, but to strengthen friendly exchanges or promote national prestige. For example, Zheng He went to the West. **Synchronized with cultural exchanges. For example, the Silk Road. Foreign trade promotes national integration. Such as Hui's.

Features: First by land**, then by sea**. The foreign trade policy has changed from opening to closing.

1. Han Dynasty: After Zhang Qian passed through the Western Regions, the envoys and merchants of the Han Dynasty traveled west one after another; Through the Silk Road, it connects with Central Asia, West Asia, and West Asia

Frequent economic and cultural exchanges between South Asian countries; Through the Maritime Silk Road, it has regular exchanges with the countries of the South China Sea, namely the Indian Peninsula and other places.

2. Tang Dynasty: Prosperity to the outside world; Tang encouraged merchants from all over the world to come to China, allowing them to live for a long time; There are frequent foreign trade activities in Chang'an, Luoyang, Guangzhou and Yangzhou. Call the Chinese "Tang".

3. Song Dynasty: **Encourage overseas** to set up in major ports"City Division"to be managed; The most important ports are Guangzhou and Quanzhou.

4. Ming Dynasty: Zheng He went to the West and directly reached more than 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa, and reached as far as the east coast of Africa and the Red Sea coast.

5. Qing Dynasty: **Implement a policy of seclusion and strictly restrict foreign affairs**.

The Western Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty were encouraged to go to the outside world in addition to hostility and self-excess, and Zheng He went to the West to encourage.

Communicate with various countries and **, the problem of pirates and pirates in the later period made the imperial court ban on the sea, and the north also fought and made peace, sometimes open ** and sometimes closed.

The Qing Dynasty was mainly forbidden, and only a few commercial houses could be external, and later through the Opium War, the Qing Dynasty gradually opened up to the outside world.

Before the Ming Dynasty, foreign trade was encouraged, but in the Ming and Qing dynasties, it became a closed country and a sea ban.

Summary. From the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, China has always implemented a policy of opening up to the outside world. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, China's ruling class practiced the policy of "closing the country to the outside world."

The development trend of China's foreign relations in ancient times was from openness to seclusion. The Qin and Han dynasties had the Silk Road. When he arrived in the Sui and Tang dynasties, he sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty and so on.

4.What was the important way of business in ancient China? What are the ** policies + policies in ancient China?

Yikes. 4.What was the important way of business in ancient China? What are the ** policies + policies in ancient China? : Important way: tributary**.

Yikes: Doesn't it take time to type? I am not God, please understand.

From the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, China has always implemented a policy of opening up to the outside world. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, China's ruling class practiced the policy of "closing the country to the outside world." The development trend of China's foreign relations in ancient times was from opening up the travel bank to closing the border.

The Qin and Han dynasties had silk worm roads. When it came to the demolition banquet, the Sui and Tang dynasties sent Tang envoys and so on.

Song Yuan: Foreign exchanges have entered a period of frequent exchanges, and overseas countries are developed. Ming Dynasty: Foreign exchanges moved from openness to seclusion.

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