What is Thyroid Cancer?

Thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid malignancy, accounting for about 1% of systemic malignancies. With the exception of medullary carcinoma, the vast majority of thyroid cancers originate in follicular epithelial cells. The incidence of thyroid cancer is related to region, ethnicity, and gender.

According to statistics, the annual incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States increased from 100,000 to 100,000 between 1973 and 2002, which is about double (p<, and this trend is still increasing year by year. The incidence of thyroid cancer in China is low, according to statistics, there are about 10,000 men and about 10,000 women.

Thyroid cancer, that is, the carcinogenesis of thyroid tissue, is the solid malignant tumor with the fastest growth rate in the past 20 years, with an average annual increase. At present, it is the fifth most common tumor in women. Thyroid cancer is not well defined and may be associated with dietary factors (high or deficient in iodine), history of exposure to emission lines, increased estrogen secretion, genetic factors, or other benign thyroid diseases such as nodular goiter, hyperthyroidism, thyroid adenomas and especially chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.

For people with pre-existing thyroid disease, it is even more important to take precautions as early as possible.

The symptoms of thyroid cancer are mainly manifested as a lump in the front of the trachea, in the middle of the neck root or slightly on one side, which is hard in texture and cannot move up and down with swallowing, fixed and cannot be moved, and gradually increases; Swollen lymph nodes may be seen in the neck, compression of the trachea, difficulty breathing, hoarseness. Hematogenous metastases often occur early vascular invasion, with skull and lung metastases being more common. In the early stage of the disease, there are no obvious symptoms, but a hard and uneven nodule appears in the thyroid tissue, and in the late stage, it often compresses the adjacent nerves, trachea, and esophagus to produce corresponding symptoms.

Local metastases are usually in the neck, with hard, fixed lymph nodes. Distant metastases are more common in dry flat bones and lungs.

In the early stage of thyroid cancer, there are no obvious symptoms, but a hard and uneven lump appears in the thyroid tissue, and the lump gradually enlarges, and the lump moves up and down when swallowing. If these two symptoms grow rapidly in a short period of time, they are mostly undifferentiated carcinomas, and in advanced stages, they often compress the laryngeal anti-nerve, causing hoarseness in the tracheoesophagus and difficulty breathing, and dysphagia. If the cervical sympathetic nerve is compressed, the Horna syndrome cervical nerve can be invaded from the superficial branch nerve, the patient may have pain in the ear, occipital shoulder, etc., local metastases are often in the neck, and hard and fixed lymph nodes appear, and distant metastases are more common in the flat bones and lungs.

It is a thyroid malignant tumor, which is a relatively common cancer disease nowadays.

Thyroid cancer is a common disease in women, thyroid cancer does not have any symptoms in the early stage, some only find a lump in the neck, which is often hard, it also rarely has pain, or other fever, most of which are found in the physical examination.

In recent years, its incidence has been gradually increasing, and the prognosis of thyroid cancer is generally better than that of gastrointestinal cancer. The first choice is color ultrasound examination, and experienced color ultrasound doctors can judge the benign and malignant thyroid nodules under color ultrasound.

Thyroid cancer**: Generally, fine needle aspiration is preferred to clarify the pathological nature, and then according to the size of the tumor and whether there is lymph node metastasis, decide whether to undergo surgery**. Of course, generally if it is malignant, surgery is still the first choice.