What is the status of the Grand Dukes of Europe, and is it not the same concept as the Duke?

First of all, it should be noted that the Grand Duke and Duke are not the same word in English, they are a title below the king and higher than the duke. The Grand Duke is a duke with a national fiefdom. Other dukes could not be called grand dukes only if they had fiefs that had not reached the point of establishing an independent state.

However, the status of the Grand Duchy was not as high as that of the kingdom, although some countries were very powerful. It was as if kingdoms were not as high as empires, although many kingdoms were always militarily victorious over the Holy Roman Empire.

The Grand Duke is a Chinese translator, mainly in foreign languages"Grand Duke","The Great Prince"Two kinds, in addition Finland.

The Chinese who ruled the title also translated as Grand Duke, in addition to Moldova.

The title of ruler of Wallachia is also translated as Grand Duke (also translated as duke). In short, the Grand Duke is the title of the monarch of some countries, generally from Eastern European countries, and those monarchs in Eastern Europe with special titles can generally be translated as Grand Duke; Then there were some European countries (such as Austria-Hungary, the Russian Empire.

A kind of knighthood (only here"Grand Duke"In one case), it is the highest title above the duke, and is generally conferred only on the crown prince.

The following is a personal opinion, if it is inappropriate, please point it out, and despise those who do not use their brains. The rank of Grand Duke was obviously nominally higher than that of the Duke. In medieval Europe, royal power was scattered, and it was generally not possible to form effective jurisdiction over local princes, and the status generally depended on the strength of the princes.

The most famous Grand Duke was none other than the Grand Duke Ivan III of Russia, who defeated the Mongol Great Horde and laid the foundation for the unification of all Russia, which had not been high in Europe because of the lack of strength in Russia itself. The most famous duke is none other than Duke William of France, who led a group of French feudal lords to defeat King Harold II of England in 1066, successfully conquered England, and was crowned King of England, which is a testament to his strength. It feels like the Grand Duke is generally second only to the king, usually the king of a weak European country, and the duke is generally a prince of the country.

Weaker than the kingdom is called the principality, the grand duke is the lord of the principality, and the duke is just the nobles of the kingdom, and the status of the two is obvious at a glance, it is obviously not the same concept, one has real power, territory, and army, and the other is just a fictitious title.

There are too many kings in Europe, many of them self-appointed.

In short, whoever controls the pope at that time is the emperor.

First, the reference is different.

1. Grand Duke: The Grand Duke was originally a feudal princely rank, and its status was slightly higher than that of the Duke. It was followed by the vassal states.

independence, the Grand Duke then evolved into the title of independent monarch.

2. Duke: It is an ancient Chinese title name, and some neighboring countries are also named after it under the influence of China.

Second, the level is different.

1. Grand Duke: A title between a king and a duke in all countries. It was founded by the Pope in 1567.

2. Duke: Among the noble titles of European countries, the fifth level above the lowest noble title is generally translated as "duke" in Chinese, below the king or prince and above the marquis. It is the highest rank of knighthoods.

Third, the development is different.

1. Grand Duke: The title of the highest secular aristocracy in Spain after the 13th century, and overthrew the monarchy in 1931.

Later, the title was abolished.

2. Duke: In European countries, dukes are one of the highest titles, and in some countries there are princes above the duke, and in other countries the duke level is higher than the prince. The dukes of Europe were very high titles, but in feudal societies.

In the late period, dukes in countries such as Russia became quite common.

The Grand Duke was a title given to the nobility of Europe.

Duke: Duke, in order, appears. As early as the Roman Empire, the title of duke on the continent was usually given to high-ranking commanders who defended their territories and had distinguished military achievements, but were later interrupted by major political changes. A few hundred years later, the dukedom was found in Germany.

Around 970 AD, the German Emperor Otto I first established the title of duke. Soon France and other parts of continental Europe also established principalities (duchy; Grand Duchy, archduchy). In England, the duke was the highest nobility after the king or prince, as opposed to the "archduke" (archduke) of continental Europe as the lord of a country.

The British dukedom appeared very late. In 1337, Edward III elevated Cornwall to a duchy and bestowed the title of duke on the seven-year-old "Black Prince" Edward. The crown prince participated in the Hundred Years' War at the age of 16, and his edge was revealed; In 1355, he went to France to command the war and made great military achievements.

His father rewarded him with a variety of titles, such as Prince of Wales in 1343 and Duke of Aquitaine in 1362. In order to highlight the special status of the duke, except for the queen's spouse and the prince, no other prince was allowed to claim the title of king for many years to come, and the highest title of duke could be obtained. Subsequently, Edward III and his successors established the Duchy of Lancaster (1351), the Duchy of Clarence (1362), the Duchy of York and the Duchy of Gloucester (1385), the Duchy of Hereford (1397), the Duchy of Bedford (1413) and the Duchy of Somerset (1443).

The leaders of these principalities were all royal relatives, and after they obtained high-ranking titles, they stood out among the nobles and were extraordinary, laying hidden dangers for future competition for royal power, disrupting the dynasty, and creating wars. Since the establishment of the Duchy of Norfolk in 1483, dukedoms have been granted to anyone other than the prince, but principalities have rarely been established. Moreover, most of the people who can obtain this highest title are commanders with outstanding military achievements.

Even if a politician in the administrative field has served for many years and has made remarkable achievements, it is difficult for him to receive this honor.

On formal occasions, the duke also wore a crimson velvet coat with four mink furs on his hat. The crown is adorned with a gold ring and eight red gold leaves. The king, for his part, called the Duke "our true and most beloved companion." ”

Among the nobility, the duke was the first rank and had the highest status. It should be equivalent to the supreme ruler of China.

The highest status in the title is equivalent to the three dukes of our country.

Among the noble titles in European countries, the fifth rank above the lowest noble title is generally translated as "duke" in Chinese, below the king or prince, and above the marquis. It is the highest rank of knighthoods. Equivalent to the nobility of China.

The modern titles of "dukes" in European countries are relatively uniform, and most of them can be grouped into three categories: knighthoods derived from the Latin dux (e.g., French duc and English duke).'The etymological meaning is "leader".

The title cognate with the German herzog, the etymology is Germanic, meaning "leader"; In addition, some Slavic countries had the title voivode (or similar), which was similar to the meaning of "warrior leader". Generally, after the death of European kings, most of them are close relatives of the earls who ascend the throne.

Descendants of the Manchu emperors of one rank.

Among the noble titles in European countries, the fifth rank above the lowest noble title is generally translated as "duke" in Chinese, below the king or prince, and above the marquis.

It is the highest rank of knighthoods.

The modern titles of "dukes" in European countries are relatively uniform, and most of them can be grouped into three categories: knighthoods derived from the Latin dux (e.g., French duc and English duke).'The etymological meaning is "leader". The title cognate with the German herzog, the etymology is Germanic, meaning "leader"; In addition, some Slavic countries had the title voivode (or similar), which was similar to the meaning of "warrior leader".

Generally, after the death of European kings, most of them are close relatives of the earls who ascend the throne.

All three sets of titles are derived from the titles given to the leaders of armies.

In ancient Roman times, generals who were used as mercenaries by Germanic or Celtic barbarians were collectively referred to as dux because they did not have an official Roman rank, and therefore dux was considered to be equivalent to the old Germanic title of military leader, Herzog.

After the fall of the Roman Empire, the military leaders of the various tribes became kings of small, independent states in Europe, many of them by the title dux or herzog (or similar local names).

Until modern times, many small states before the unification of Italy and Germany used this title to distinguish them from nobles who had similar titles rather than monarchs, and the Chinese were generally called "Grand Dukes", and the existing independent Grand Duchyes in Europe were the Duchy of Luxembourg and Andorra.

The other Grand Duchyes in history were merged and annexed, and gradually evolved into titles conferred by the king.

In European countries, the duke is one of the highest titles, and in some countries there are princes above the duke, and in other countries the duke rank is higher than the prince.

Dukes in Europe were very high titles, but in the late feudal period, dukes in countries such as Russia became quite common.