Zhuge Liang s second Northern Expedition, Eastern Wu has already worked together to help, why did it

There are many reasons for the failure of this Northern Expedition, on the one hand, there is a shortage of food and grass, and on the other hand, there are not enough talents under his command to make this Northern Expedition successful.

That's because the food consumed by the Northern Expedition was very huge. And at that time, there were no particularly talented generals in the later period of the Shu Kingdom. Moreover, Zhuge Liang was not a very good military strategist.

The conditions of Shu at that time were actually no longer suitable for the Northern Expedition, and the strength of all aspects had declined, mainly with the departure of Zhang Fei, Guan Yu, Zhao Yun and others, there were basically few generals who could support the scene, and the Northern Expedition was a time-consuming and labor-intensive war, and it was difficult to complete without the corresponding economic strength.

Because even if Zhuge Liang and Dongwu made all preparations, there were still some things that were uncontrollable, and the problem at that time was that the soldiers generally lacked food and grass in the end, which led to defeat.

Because Zhuge Liang was seized by Cao Wei's main force, he was not prepared in advance, and he did not capture the city after 21 days of attacking, and finally ran out of ammunition and food, and was pursued and killed by others.

In the second Northern Expedition, Liu Bang had the help of the three heroes of the early Han Dynasty, and Zhuge Liang only left the elderly Zhao Yun, and Zhuge Liang at that time did not encounter the situation of the right time, place and people, even if Eastern Wu helped, he did not save the situation of failure.

Because of the prosperity of Wei at that time, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was only to ensure the normal development of Shu, and its purpose was not to successfully capture Wei.

No matter what the Northern Expedition was, it consumed the country's resources. By the time of the Second Northern Expedition, the country's resources were already very limited, and the troops were not strong enough at that time, so it was a delayed war, and in the end there was not enough food and grass, so it was definitely necessary to withdraw troops back to the city.

Although Soochow has helped, there are also many problems with the aftermath of Soochow's coalition politics. At that time, the northerners had become old and weakened, and they had lost the psychology of the Northern Expedition to attack, at least they did not want to forge ahead.

In my opinion, the failure of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition is an inevitable outcome, because the final problem faced by Shu is that there is no talent to use at all, and there is no person who can take on great responsibilities.

Historically, the key to determining the victory or defeat of a military has not been the number of people or the number of people, but the strategy and tactics, the comprehensive national strength of the two countries, and the favorable time, place, and people. There are many examples in history of wars in which the weak won more and the weak defeated the strong, and there are countless examples of turning defeat into victory under all kinds of unfavorable conditions.

Zhuge Liang's second is the Northern Expedition to unite with Eastern Wu in terms of tactics, Eastern Wu mainly attacked the Eastern Front, Zhuge Liang mainly attacked the Western Front, and finally the East and West attacked directly to the Northern Wei Dynasty. Originally, all this was well formulated, but for various reasons, the second Northern Expedition failed.

The main reasons for the failure of the Second Northern Expedition are as follows:

1. Zhuge Liang's impatience led to a startled snake, and Cao Wei was well prepared.

Zhuge Liang's second Northern Expedition was only a few months away from the first Northern Expedition, which made Cao Wei's side fully prepared to prevent Zhuge Liang from coming to the second Northern Expedition.

Zhuge Liang, as a world-famous strategist, made a mistake of being anxious during the Northern Expedition. After the failure of the first Northern Expedition, the second Northern Expedition was carried out immediately, which was a taboo for soldiers. During this time, Cao Wei had plenty of time to prepare to prevent Zhuge Liang's attack, but Zhuge Liang did not take him by surprise and was unprepared.

2. Zhuge Liang's own preparation is not sufficient.

On the one hand, Zhuge Liang frightened the snake, so that Cao Wei had full preparation, on the other hand, his own preparation was not sufficient, when attacking Chen Cang, he stalemate with the enemy for more than 20 days, and finally had to turn back because of the exhaustion of ammunition and food.

3. Zhuge Liang underestimated the enemy.

Zhuge Liang thought that the time was short from the first time, and that Cao Xiu was defeated in Shiting at that time, Zhuge Liang wanted to take advantage of this opportunity to take Chen Cang in one fell swoop. But he didn't expect him to underestimate Chen Cang's guard Hao Zhao, Hao Zhao not only was not afraid of Zhuge Liang's attack, but also resisted to the death, and dragged Zhuge Liang's fierce attack for more than 20 days. In the end, I had no choice but to return because the grain and grass were exhausted.

The above reasons eventually led to the failure of Zhuge Liang's second Northern Expedition.

Why did Zhuge Liang fail several Northern Expeditions, and the experts explained the real reason, the lack of talents!

Because there was a time difference between the time when Eastern Wu sent troops and the time when Shu sent troops, it was not synchronized, resulting in poor cooperation, and the second Northern Expedition chose a tough battle that Shu Jun was not good at, so it ended in failure.

Simple process: Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, because the street pavilion is a military location, sent Ma Tan to defend it. Ma Tan claimed to have been familiar with military books since he was a child, and was familiar with the subtlety of the art of war, and did not listen to the persuasion of the deputy general Wang Ping, so he stationed his men and horses on the mountain, condescendingly, and regarded one as ten.

When Sima Yi led his troops to attack, he trapped Ma Jian on the mountain, cut off its waterway, and set fire to the mountain, so that Ma Tan's army was self-righteous and chaotic without a fight, so he lost the street pavilion.

Background: In 226 (the seventh year of the reign of Huang Chu of Wei and the fourth year of Jianxing of Shu), Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi died, and the crown prince Cao Yi [ruì] ascended the throne, appointing Xiahou 楙 [máo] to garrison Chang'an, and Guanzhong was empty.

In 227 (the first year of Wei Taihe, the fifth year of Shu Jianxing), Meng Da and Zhuge Liang corresponded many times and secretly promised to return to Shu; Meng Da and Wei Xing were too guarded by Shen Yi There was an estrangement, and Shen Yi secretly denounced Meng Da. When Meng Da heard about it, he was frightened and tried to raise troops to rebel; Sima Yi wrote a letter to comfort and persuade him, but Meng Da hesitated. Sima Yi secretly led the army to attack Xincheng.

Zhuge Liang saw an opportunity, so he decided to make a big northern expedition.

When Zhuge Liang went on his first Northern Expedition, it was a pity that he took Wei Weijie and lost a general, and the Shu State at that time struggled with his life to survive. Although this was Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition, there was no chance of victory at all, but this Northern Expedition allowed Zhuge Liang to learn a lot of lessons, and it also changed the political, military, and economic aspects after this time. The talents of Shu are too few to use, and the troops are also very scarce, so they have not been able to defeat the Wei army.

The Northern Expedition brought a gap in national strength to Zhuge Liang, because Shi Zhuge Liang's subordinates were not good, and his things were in short supply.

Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition, not only were many injured and died, but the most trusted generals died heroically after the failure of the First Northern Expedition, and Zhuge Liang also had to feel ashamed. Judging by such a struggle and the period after the struggle began. It is necessary to first look at the direction and fundamental advantages of his own initiative to attack, and launch an attack on several counties of Yongzhou with an army of 100,000 troops, which can show that Zhuge Liang's offensive direction is very clear, and he came to occupy most of the areas of Yongzhou before Cao Wei.

This time, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition had good results in every field, but he only lost a little advantage in terms of troops, and he could not attack or retreat, which gave them a chance to rest. So they went to Chang'an and Liangzhou to recruit troops, even if they didn't miss the street pavilions, they would form a situation of towering over each other, and there was no way to increase troops to relieve other battlefields. This danger has arisen several times before.

Later, with Zhuge Liang's many northern expeditions, the tactics changed greatly. In the next few wars, the army led by Zhuge Liang did not have the first time that such a thing happened.

Schematic diagram of the Northern Expedition.

Compared with the first Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang also had a ceremonial gain here, which was gained a lot in the later Northern Expeditions, but it had an impact on the future of the Shu Han Empire.

It was to let Jiang Wei join the Shu State, so that they could have the opportunity to regain their strength and compete with the other two countries, Zhuge Liang was a very good politician.

brought disastrous consequences, just because of Ma Tan's loss of the street pavilion, he didn't dare to train new people anymore, which led to a situation where Shu Han was in short supply.

Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition missed three good opportunities: he was in a hurry, and he did stupid things in the future.

Soon after the Battle of Yiling, Liu Bei, who was sick and annoyed, died with a whimper, and all the mess after the defeat was piled up in front of Zhuge Liang. The economy is sluggish, and the vitality of the army is enough to give Zhuge Liang a headache, but the southern barbarians in the Yungui area are ready to move, plus Cao Wei has gathered a large number of troops in Guanzhong, and Sun Quan, who has just won the victory of Quanhui He, also has the possibility of going west to the west, at this moment, the situation in Shu Han is really dangerous.

But Zhuge Liang deserved to be a famous minister in the area, and quickly stabilized the situation. He first rebuilt the old friendship with Sun Quan, which not only made the eastern part of Shu Han no longer threatened by Sun Quan, but also made Cao Wei dare not easily launch a large-scale attack on Shu Han. Then he recruited a new group of soldiers, and trained the recruits directly through the war to pacify Meng, and soon the Shu Han army had a certain combat effectiveness.

In the domestic sphere, he built water conservancy, agriculture and commerce, and gradually replenished the almost empty treasury. Zhuge Liang did all this calmly and methodically. Within a few years, Shu Han came out of the shadow of the Yiling fiasco.

What's next? Will it continue to accumulate strength, or will it directly start a war of unification? Zhuge Liang asked himself this question countless times in his heart.

In the end, he felt that Shu Han's strength was still thin compared to Cao Wei, and if he wanted to avoid a strategic passive situation, he had to seize the opportunity, as the so-called first strike is stronger.

Moreover, Cao Pi had just died, and the new ruling core in the north had not yet been formed, which was a good time in Zhuge Liang's opinion, so he went on a famous "Teacher Table" to express his ambition to attack the north. In the second year, he led the army to the north, that is, out of Qishan.

It should be said that the timing of this war was correct, but "Zhuge was only cautious all his life", he advanced too slowly, and finally had to be in a state of confrontation with Cao Wei's army. and let a Ma Yan, who couldn't take charge alone, take the lead, but fled back to Hanzhong in embarrassment after a fiasco. Although Shu Han finally lost this war, it also dealt a big blow to Cao Wei, which can be described as a draw.

After this war, Shu Han once again hurt his vitality. But instead of focusing on restoring national strength again, Zhuge Liang continued to go on the Northern Expedition every year, making it difficult to even produce grain and grass. After all, Shu Han had no capital, and although this crazy military action strongly demonstrated Zhuge Liang's determination to unify the world and was also in line with his preemptive strategy, it brought immeasurable losses to Shu Han.

Therefore, although Zhuge Liang's five out of Qishan "often makes heroes cry", to be honest, it is really not a feat, at best it is just a stupid thing for a general who is in a hurry to do it with military force.

In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang has always been an important promoter of Liu Bei's group's strategy of uniting Wu to resist Cao, even if Wu took advantage of Guan Yu's attack on Cao Wei, attacked Jingzhou behind his back, and killed Guan Yu, Zhuge Liang's attitude did not change, and he still opposed Liu Bei's campaign to launch the Battle of Yiling to fight with Eastern Wu. After Liu Bei's death, during the time when Zhuge Liang controlled the power of Shu, although he won the Southern Ping Meng and made several northern expeditions, he always maintained a relatively good relationship with Eastern Wu.

So if Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition is successful, will he do it to Eastern Wu?

Zhuge Liang is naturally sure of Dongwu's action, and Zhuge Liang's lifelong goal is actually very clear to everyone, that is, to restore the Han Dynasty. The so-called restoration of the Han Dynasty is not only the restoration of Cao Wei, even if it is the restoration of the Han Dynasty, Dongwu is naturally among the restorations.

Moreover, Zhuge Liang gave Liu Bei the Longzhong pair before leaving the mountain, and he had already set a strategic pattern of three points first and then unification, and it can be seen from here that Zhuge Liang did not regard the Northern Expedition as the end point at all. The reason why Zhuge Liang has always maintained a good relationship with Eastern Wu is that Cao Wei is strong and Shu is weak, so he had to join forces with Wu to fight against Cao.

Moreover, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the general trend of the whole world has always been determined by the three parties, not the Wei State and the Shu State, don't underestimate the Wu State when it is transparent and does not exist. In fact, it is very likely that before Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was successful, Wu Guo had already turned against Shu and acted against Shu first. The last three parties in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms are all emperors, and everyone is a person with great ambitions.

The reason why the alliance between the Eastern Wu and the Shu Han was not how good the relationship between the two sides was, but because the pressure on Cao Wei was too great.

But such a joint effort is a combination of interests, once there is an opportunity, Dongwu does not have any psychological burden to stab Shu Han, and taking advantage of Guan Yu and Cao Wei's battle to attack Jingzhou is an excellent embodiment. Once Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition achieved a decisive victory, the balance of power between Shu Han and Cao Wei was broken, and the strongest of the Three Kingdoms became Shu Han.

Then it is almost certain that there is no need to wait until Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition is completely victorious before dealing with Eastern Wu, the Eastern Wu will definitely unite with Cao Wei, so as to unite Wei to fight against Shu, and will not wait until the Northern Expedition is successful After Cao Wei is destroyed, he will come alone to face the Shu army led by Zhuge Liang. Therefore, once Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition achieves a big victory, then Wei will inevitably find an alliance with Wu, and Wu will definitely gladly accept it, and they will take the lead in making a move against Shu before Zhuge Liang makes a move against Wu.