What were the discoveries of the three natural sciences in the 19th century? What was discovered in

Three major discoveries in natural science in the 19th century:

1. Cell theory.

The main content is that the cell is the basic structural unit of animal and plant organisms, and it is also the basic unit of life activities. In this way, the structural unity of the whole biological world is demonstrated, and the cell connects all the species in the biological world, and there is a kinship between organisms.

This is a huge endorsement of the theory of biological evolution. The establishment of the cell theory gave a strong impetus to the development of biology and provided an important natural scientific basis for dialectical materialism, which Engels spoke highly of and praised the cell theory as one of the three major discoveries of natural science in the 19th century. Hooke, Huygens, et al.

2. Theory of biological evolution.

In 1859, Charles Darwin, an English biologist and the founder of the theory of biological evolution, put forward the theory of natural selection for biological evolution in his magnum opus "The Origin of Species". The main point of the doctrine is that individuals in groups have differences in traits and that these individuals have different adaptations to the environment in which they live; Due to limited space and food, there is competition between individuals for survival, as a result, individuals with favorable traits are able to survive and pass on to their offspring through reproduction, and individuals with unfavorable traits are gradually eliminated (Darwin called this process of retaining the good and eliminating the inferior in nature natural selection); Due to the long-term effects of natural selection, the same species distributed in different regions may have divergent traits and lead to the formation of new species.

3. The law of conservation of energy and transformation.

The law of conservation of energy and transformation was an important theoretical cornerstone of natural science in the 19th century. The significance of conservation of energy is, first and foremost, to establish an equiquantitative relationship between certain physical quantities in the process of material motion and change. In this regard, we do not need to know the actual interaction process between matter, nor do we need to know the transformation path between energy in the process of material motion change, as long as the relationship between energy and physical quantity corresponding to the state of matter motion is established, we can establish an equal relationship between the initial state and the final state in the process of material motion change, so as to facilitate the solution of the quantity of the material motion change process.

German scientist Meyer, 1842. German scientist Helmholtz, 1847.

Darwin's Theory of Evolution in England.

The cell theory of the German botanist Schleiden and the zoologist Schwann.

There are more than 10 scientists from five countries (Joule (UK, Meyer (Germany), Helmholtz (Germany), Carnot (France), Mohr (Germany), Seguin (France), Hess (Switzerland), Holzmann (Germany), Grove (UK), Curding (Denmark), and Iren (France).

1. Cell Theory Hooke, Huygens.

2 The Theory of Biological Evolution Charles Darwin, an English biologist and the founder of the theory of biological evolution.

3. The Law of Conservation of Energy and Transformation Newton.

1. Cell Theory 2 Biological Progress Theory 3 Conservation of Energy and Transformation Law.

19 The world's three major scientific discoveries refer to: the cell theory, the law of conservation of energy and the law of transformation, and the theory of biological evolution, which have helped a lot in the later development.

The cell theory, the law of conservation of energy and transformation, and the theory of biological evolution are still very influential in future generations, and they are now being studied.

The theory of cells, the theory of biological evolution, the law of conservation of energy and the law of energy transformation. These three discoveries were very famous discoveries in the 19th century, and they played a great role in subsequent scientific research, helping scientists to study more deeply.

The three major discoveries of natural science in the 19th century were: the cell theory, the theory of evolution, and the law of conservation of energy. 19 The three major discoveries of natural science in the advanced period refer to the major discoveries that proved that all forms of material movement in nature can be transformed into each other under certain conditions, and at the same time proved the unity of material movement in nature, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the dialectical materialist view of nature. In the middle of the 19th century, natural science developed by leaps and bounds, especially the three major discoveries are of decisive significance.

1. The discovery and proposition of the cell theory.

It was first proposed between 1838 and 1839 by the German botanist Schleiden and the zoologist Schwann. The cell theory demonstrates the structural unity of the entire biological world, as well as its evolutionary common origin. Therefore, Engels praised it as one of the three major discoveries of natural science in the 19th century.

2. The discovery and proposition of the law of conservation of energy.

Originally developed by the German physicist JMeyer proposed it in 1842 on the basis of experiments. 1847 German scientist H

Helmholtz gave a rigorous mathematical description of it and made it clear that the law of conservation of energy is one of the fundamental laws that universally applies to all natural phenomena. By 1850 it was already recognized in the scientific community.

3. The theory of biological evolution was proposed.

This doctrine was first proposed by Buffon and Lamarck, and Darwin is recognized as the master. In 1859, Darwin systematically expounded this theory of evolution in his book On the Origin of Species.

The three major discoveries of natural science in the 19th century were the cell theory, the law of conservation of energy, and the theory of biological evolution. The cell theory was first proposed by Schleiden and Schwann and perfected by Welshaw; The law of conservation of energy has been studied by many people; The theory of biological evolution was proposed by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species.

From 1900 to the present, tens of millions of scientific citations and references in thousands of research journals reveal how the face of scientific research has changed throughout history. The analysis found that in the first decade of this century, the most common keywords were "cell", "quantum", "DNA", "protein" and "receptor".

Scientific developments: The so-called "scientific keywords" that are used most frequently in individual headings and abstracts every decade. The feature article further tracks the changes in five "scientific keywords": in the 70s of the 19th century, the five most common words were "aurora", "sun", "meteor", "water" and "earth".

In the first decade of this century, the most common keywords became "cell", "quantum", "DNA", "protein" and "receptor". This means that earlier studies were more focused on detailed observations of large natural phenomena, but now they have become more specialized.

In an editorial, Nature reaffirmed its mission of supporting research, serving the global research community, and disseminating the results of global research: research, science, knowledge, scholarship – values that we might describe as the search for evidence in pursuit of truth are more important than ever.

What are the three major discoveries of natural science in the 19th century? The three major discoveries of natural science in the 19th century were cell theory. Conservation of energy. Theory of biological evolution.

Cell Theory (1838-1839) Law of Conservation of Energy.

1842-1847) Evolution of Biology (1859). 19 points into three discoveries Ji natural science clarified the various forms of material movement in nature, the discovery that can be transformed into each other under certain conditions, and at the same time proved the unity of material movement in nature, which laid the foundation for the creation of the dialectical materialist view of nature, in the middle of the 19th century, natural science has developed by leaps and bounds, especially three of the discoveries are decisive.

<> three major discoveries of the natural sciences of the nineteenth century were cell theory, conservation of energy, and the law of transformation.

and Darwinian Evolution.

Cell Theory. Cell Theory.

The cell is considered to be the basic unit of structure and activity in animals and plants.

The cell theory has become the foundation of biology and is the most widely accepted explanation of cellular function. Conservation of energy and the law of transformation.

Energy is neither produced nor disappeared in a vacuum, it can only be transferred from one object to another, and its forms can be converted into each other. Darwin's Theory of Evolution. Species can mutate, and organisms can evolve.

Natural selection is the driving force behind biological evolution. Organisms have a tendency to overreproduce, and living space and food are limited, and organisms must do so"Fight for survival"。

Charles Robert Darwin (February 12, 1809 – April 19, 1882) was the most famous and influential writer of all time. Darwin was a biologist who studied medicine and theology. The most famous event is that he once traveled around the world for five years aboard the Beagle, observing and collecting a large number of animals and plants, as well as geological formations.

He then published On the Origin of Species, which proposed the theory of biological evolution. In the book, he uses data accumulated during scientific expeditions around the world in the thirties of the nineteenth century to try to prove that species evolved through natural and artificial selection. Darwin's On the Origin of Species, published in 1859, systematically expounded his theory of evolution and demonstrated two main questions.

Species can mutate, and organisms can evolve. Most biologists who read On the Origin of Species quickly accepted the fact that evolution replaced creationism as the cornerstone of biological research. Natural selection is the driving force behind biological evolution.

Three major discoveries of natural science in the 19th century: 1. The cell theory The main content is that the cell is the basic structural unit of animal and plant organisms, and it is also the basic unit of life activities.

In this way, the structural unity of the whole biological world is demonstrated, and the cell connects all the species in the biological world, and there is a kinship between organisms.