Did everyone have a word in ancient times? Do civilians have it too?

The word "is limited only to people who have status in ancient times.

The Book of Rites and Qu Li says: "Men have twenty crowns and words" and "Women have fifteen crowns and words", that is, regardless of men and women, only when they reach adulthood, they take words, and the purpose of taking words is to make people respect him and be called by others. Ordinary people, especially their peers and subordinates, are only allowed to call their elders by their first names.

The main basis for the ancient method of proposition characters is as follows:

Tautology. For example, Qu Yuan's name is Ping, the word is Yuan, and Guangping is the original. Confucius students Zai Yu, the word I, Ji Lu Ziyou, Yan Hui Ziyuan, Zhuge Liang Kong Ming, Tao Yuanming Yuan Liang, Zhou Yu Gong Jin, Zhuge Jin Ziyu, Wen Tianxiang Jing Rui, all belong to this category.

Antisense relative. Jin Dafu Zhao Yuan (decreased) the word Ziyu (increased). Zeng dot (small black also) the word 晳, color white also. Tang Wang's words are useless, Zhu Xi (Huoliang) is Yuan Hui, Yuan Zhao Mengfu (down) is angry, and Yan Shu is the same uncle.

Lian Yi speculated. Zhao Yunzi Zilong (Yun Conglong); Chao makes up for it, and there is no blame for the word; Su Shi, Zizhan ("28 Years of Zuo Chuan": "Jun Feng Shi and Guanzhi"); Yue Fei's word Pengju.

From the above three categories, it can be seen that the word and the name have a close relationship, and the word is often a supplement or explanation of the name, which is called "the name corresponds", which is the inside and outside of each other, so the word is also called the "table word". These three are the main ones, and there are also five elements of the stem branch, the word by rank, or the line of the word plus the ranking, and the addition of the father (Fu) after the word is generally included in the scope of the word.

The proposition word is the same as the naming, with the atmosphere of the times, and a general trend is to beautify the word and respect the aging, which is more obvious in the respect of aging.

After the Tang and Song dynasties, due to the strengthening of science, some red tape mattresses became more and more, and the readers also made a big fuss about the title, calling the word in order to show respect, but after a long time, gradually felt that the word was not respectful enough, so there was a more respectful number than the word.

Ancient Chinese people generally had names and characters, and many people had numbers at the same time, and some had more than one character and one number; There are also some people, in addition to their names, characters, and numbers, there are also so-called titles, that is, other names for him, some are referred to by official positions, some are referred to by the place of birth, some are referred to by the name of their residence or study, and of course some are referred to by what we call nicknames today. Ancient Chinese women generally did not have words, unless they were particularly prominent in a certain aspect and were widely known, such as: Li Qingzhao.

The word is easy to ann.

In ancient times, not everyone had words. Generally speaking, only the nobles, ** and cultural people in the society have words. However, there are also some civilians who may have words, especially in some special circumstances, such as to take the imperial examination or deal with **, etc.

In general, the word is a symbol of status and status, and the common people generally do not have it.

In fact, the main reason for choosing the word is the duplicate name.

Ancient people, when they were young, would not leave their hometown too far, and they only needed to not duplicate their names in a small area.

When you are ready to take the exam, you need to travel to the state capital to find a celebrity to ask for a letter of recommendation (that is, to learn art), and the celebrity (teacher) found that there are a bunch of "Zixuan", so he re-wrote it to distinguish it.

Therefore, the ancient people and ordinary people did not have words, because they did not go through the stage of study tours. Women generally don't have words, because women don't have to test their fame, and there is no such thing as a study tour. Moreover, after a woman gets married, even her name will disappear (even the name of Zhao Zhen's mother, Liu E, is not exact).

The emperor and the royal family also have no words, because their names are all jade, and they will not be repeated directly, and their schools are all exclusive schools, and there are more teachers than students.

After the reform of new education in China at the end of the Qing Dynasty, different teachers taught different subjects, which was completely different from the ancient apprenticeship system, and there were no teachers to give students words. The reason why Chinese do not take words now is that the mechanism for taking words is gone.

Because Li Bai only has his parents, elders, and teachers who can call him.

Peers can't call names. Only words can be called.

Moreover, in ancient times, surnames, names, characters, and numbers all had their meanings.

You can refer to the Chinese culture network.

Home Sinology News Zhao Xiyu Yijia Name - Talk about the history of name culture and detailed explanation. Attach some small paragraphs.

Modern families generally attach great importance to the naming of newborns, "one stands, and the moon hesitates". The reason for this is that the traditional multi-person system has been transformed into a modern one-person system, and the names, characters, numbers, and room names in the traditional name culture system have gradually faded out of people's field of vision, and even fewer people call each other in terms of appearance and ranking, so names have become the most important social symbol of a person. In fact, the name culture has a strong ethnic plot and deep cultural roots, and a comprehensive view and inheritance of the name culture is also the promotion and practice of traditional culture.

Name culture is a mirror image of the times of social change and ethnic integration. In the oracle bone inscriptions, the merchants are mostly named after the heavenly stems such as A and B. "Huainanzi Benjing Training" contains:

At the time of Yao, ten days and one day out. The name of the Ten Days, that is, the "Ten Heavenly Stems" that we are familiar with today, is also known as the "Ten Dry Days", combined with the sacrificial activities of the merchants for sunrise and sunset in the oracle bone divination, we can get a glimpse of the sun worship concept of the ancestors of the Yin Shang Dynasty. By the Zhou Dynasty, the naming was further complicated.

Zuo Chuan: The Sixth Year of Huan Gong recorded the Zhou people's naming and avoidance principles, "There are five names, there are letters, there are righteousness, there are images, there are falsehoods, and there are kinds." Take the name as the faith, the virtue as the righteousness, the kind of life as the image, take the thing as the false, and take the father as the class. Not for the country, not for officials, not for mountains and rivers, not for hidden diseases, not for livestock, not for utensils".

These principles are still influential today. The Shang and Zhou nobles used their surnames as "don't marry" and "district nobles and lowly". By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the surname and the surname were integrated and became a symbol of individuals and their families.

The fusion of surnames and surnames represents the advent of an era of change in the "collapse of etiquette and happiness", and it also means the rise of the common class.

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The characters of ancient people are equivalent to the nicknames of today's people, and they are generally called by their parents.

The words of ancient people are just like the school books of modern people, which is a kind of identification and a symbol of status! People with a name are educated people, and they can run private schools and enter the office!

This is a habit left by our ancestors.

In ancient times, not everyone had words, and some ancients would write when they were introduced"So-and-so, wordless".But this is definitely in the minority. While"word"Generally related to the name to some extent, such as Yue Fei word Pengju, Han Yu word retreat (the more forward the meaning, here to take the opposite meaning).

Of course, those who have words have a certain social status, not necessarily wealthy, but the scholarly family is certain, the vast number of peasants in ancient times did not know a single big character, and even the names were called according to the size of Zhang Sanli Si. It's not a word. In addition, women are generally wordless.

Men are not born with words, but with deeds"Crown Ceremony"After that, ask someone with more status"Give the word"Of course, let your parents and elders give words. The generation of characters was in the Spring and Autumn Period, and as for the fact that it is now gone, it is gradually dying out in modern times, and in the wave of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, even the ancient texts with more history and eternity have been replaced by vernacular texts, and it is not surprising that the word culture has disappeared.