How was the tunnel built? How highway tunnels are constructed

Tunnels, for the people of the construction unit, is a dangerous and magical work. My understanding is that it should be digging a hole first, and then erecting a frame, concrete or something. Let's hear what the pros have to say!

The first is positioning according to the design location.

The first thing we did was the steel support for the guide wall. After the completion of the construction of the guide wall steel support, then seal the mold and pour the concrete, after the final setting of the concrete to remove the formwork, during the construction must be accepted by the side station of the on-site supervision, after the completion of the demolition of the site, to prepare for the construction of the large pipe shed, the large pipe shed is the first umbrella of tunnel excavation, its role is to support in advance, which is equivalent to the separation of the soil and stone to be excavated in the section and the outside of the section, so that it will not fall together during blasting or excavation operations, so as to achieve the initial contour stability of the entire tunnel section.

The entrance of the railway tunnel has already taken shape.

Ballast is laid in two steps, because the rail is to be buried in the ballast, it is conceivable that the bottom ballast should be laid before the construction of the sleeper, and then the track is laid in the ballast, so that the process arrangement also avoids the risk of uneven ballast and the main body of the hole after the end of the main project, followed by the laying of the ballast, the following **I think everyone will not be unfamiliar with it, the railway tunnel mouth has seen the prototype, the ballast is laid in two steps, because the rail is to be buried in the ballast, it is conceivable that the bottom ballast should be laid before the construction of the sleeper, Then the track is laid in the ballast, so that the process arrangement also avoids the risk of uneven ballast and secondary reversal.

How many construction workers have worked hard to buy a tunnel, and there is a great possibility of accidents during the construction process, which is a new hardship for their families.

I feel like the tunnel either goes through a mountain, or dives into the ocean, or goes underground. They are all to facilitate the transportation of the people, so that the people are inconvenienced by natural factors hindering communication.

Mountain Tunnel. According to the geology and rock formation, different geological conditions have different construction methods, and the support is not the same. The main construction steps are: painting blast holes on the working face - drilling and firing guns - excavator removing unstable hanging stones - loading - I-beam reinforcement and spraying quick-setting concrete - laying waterproof layer - pouring semi-arc concrete - completion.

Cross Harbour Tunnel. The most commonly used immersed tube method for undersea tunnels. The so-called immersed tube method, the explanation of violence is to first prefabricate a tunnel on the ground and then sink to the bottom of the sea. First of all, the prefabricated immersed tube - foundation trench excavation - immersed tube operation and underwater docking.

The other is the shield method: like subway construction, the shield machine excavates underground and passes directly through the bottom of the Yangtze River.

Subway tunnels. The most commonly used method for subway tunnels is the shield method, which is actually a type of TBM tunneling machine method, but it is used to being called a shield in soft rock areas. The shield method is widely used in urban subway tunnels, cross-river, cross-river and cross-sea tunnels.

The shield machine is a very expensive equipment, it is said that the domestic ** is more than 20 million, that Japan, Germany, I dare not imagine. It is to cut the rock or soil and transport it to the rear, where it is transported by other means of transportation.

The steps are approximately: the construction of the launch shaft, the shield going down the shaft - the shield tunneling, the segment installation - the reinforcement around the receiving shaft, and the shield entering the well.

I think that's how the tunnels are built. However, the methods pointed out above are not limited to certain tunneling applications, some methods are universal!

Judging from the current state of transportation, the subway should be the most convenient and fast choice for urban transportation, and we all know that the subway is built underground, so how is the undersea tunnel built?

Make the hole first, dig the hole after the hole is done, do the first layer of support, and then do the second layer of support. There is also a prefabricated immersed tube, and then the foundation groove is excavated, and then the immersed tube is operated and released for underwater docking. There is also a kind of launch shaft construction, shield tunneling, shield tunneling, segment installation, receiving shaft circumferential reinforcement, shield tunneling.

The shield tunnel boring machine is referred to as the shield machine. With the functions of excavating and cutting soil, conveying ballast, assembling tunnel lining, surveying and guiding deviation correction, etc., the shield boring machine has been widely used in subway, railway, highway, municipal, hydropower and other tunnel projects.

Highway tunnels use shield as the construction method of construction tools, and are often used in tunnel construction with circular sections in soft soil. The shell of the shield is a cylindrical metal structure, the front part is the incision ring of the device excavation equipment, the middle part is the supporting ring of the device propulsion equipment (jack), and the tail part is the shield tail covering the assembly lining work. The shield method excavates the stratum in the front, assembles the lining at the tail at the same time, and then uses a jack to resist the assembled lining to advance the shield, and so on alternately and step forward.

There are many types of shields, "bentonite mud shield" is in a leading position, the use of mud wall protection and as a medium to carry waste ballast, no need to use compressed air that damages the health of workers during work, only need to use water or "mud milk" as the supporting agent of the face of the tunnel.

The tunnel compound of what is is as follows:1. Long tunnels.

2. Deep tunnels.

3. Dark tunnels.

4. Quiet tunnels.

5. Dark tunnels.

6. Deep tunnels.

7. Long tunnels.

8. Long tunnels.

9. Dark tunnels.

10. The tunnel of time.

11. Underwater tunnels.

12. Curved tunnels.

13. Straight tunnel.

14. Bright tunnel.

15. Wide tunnels.

16. Solid tunnel.

Usage of adjectives:1. Represent shapes, such as: large, small, tall, short, wide, narrow, long, short, straight, curved.

2. Expressing nature, such as: good, bad, beautiful, ugly, pure, clever, noble, beautiful, honest.

3. Indicate the state, such as: fast, slow, soft, hard, leisurely, busy, excited, excited.

4. Colors, such as: black, white, red, green, pale, turquoise, green, golden, red.

Before the construction of the tunnel civil engineering is the retest of the wire and the level system of the retest, and then it is the brush of the hole door, do the set of arches, at present, the general use of large pipe shed advance support, after the completion of the construction can enter the hole. According to the level of the surrounding rock, the tunnel adopts CD, CRD, glasses method, upper step method, full section method, etc. to excavate, and the initial support is carried out immediately after the excavation is completed, and then the excavation support is continued, and the cycle operation is carried out. After entering the hole for a certain distance, the construction of the inverted arch (paving the bottom), anti-drainage measures and secondary lining, the second lining is now generally an integral hydraulic trolley, with a length of 9m or 12m.

Finally, it is to make pavement, trenches, fireproof coatings, and so on. After the civil construction is completed, the mechanical and electrical and lighting installation will be carried out, and then it will be put into operation.

It's better to drink some red wine in the evening. Not too fast, not too fast, not too fast, and the point is to keep maintaining a steady pace.

The construction of the tunnel is very complex. First of all, before building the tunnel, we need to find the corresponding construction site, and the first step is to find the tunnel entrance to guide the construction wall.

After the construction of the guide wall, we have to seal the mold immediately, and then pour the concrete, which is very important, and it is also one of the most basic and important links in the construction of the tunnel.

Then we can further construction, further construction can choose manual or excavator, but if you want to quickly achieve the construction effect, you can also choose explosives, but in advance must survey the site.

Moreover, at the same time of tunnel construction, it is necessary to pay attention to the construction of cable trough and ditch, because the tunnel is still to be used in the later stage, so it is necessary to not only need cable power supply, but also need ditch drainage.