The influence of the Italian Renaissance on 18th century England

1. Material basis: In medieval Europe, the center was concentrated on the Mediterranean coast, Italy was the first to produce the germ of capitalism, and the bourgeoisie hoped to break through the shackles of church theology.

2. Cultural foundation: Italy retains a large number of ancient Greek and Roman cultural classics.

3. Talent advantage: From the 14th to the 17th century (Renaissance), Italy was full of talents, gathered in one place.

4. Geographical location: Italy is located in an important section of the Silk Road and accepted oriental culture earlier. (Papermaking, printing).

The Renaissance filial piety was born in Italy in the 14th century for the following reasons: imitation.

Cultural diversity: Fourteenth-century Italy was a region of great cultural diversity, with a large number of artists, writers, and thinkers.

Business Boom: Commerce in Italy is growing very rapidly, providing a wide range of resources and support for artists and cultural creations.

Cultural heritage: Italy has a long history and cultural heritage, such as ancient Roman and Greek culture, which attracts a large number of artists and scholars.

Humanist thought: Humanist thought prevailed in fourteenth-century Italy, valuing individual worth and free will, which inspired artists to explore and create about humanity and nature.

Reformation: The Reformation of the fourteenth century also had a profound impact on the Renaissance, making many literary and artistic works more religious.

Overall, the Renaissance arose in fourteenth-century Italy because of a combination of factors, such as cultural diversity, commercial prosperity, cultural heritage, humanist ideas, and the Reformation.

Summary. Italy was the center of the Renaissance because a large number of scholars fled to Italy when Byzantium (Eastern Roman Empire) fell around the 13th century. Reasons for its Italian origin:

In medieval Europe, the center was concentrated on the Mediterranean coast, Italy was the first to produce the germ of capitalism, and the bourgeoisie wanted to break through the shackles of church theology. Italy has a large number of ancient Greek and Roman cultural classics. From the 14th to the 17th centuries (Renaissance), Italy was full of talented people in one place.

Italy was located at an important juncture of the Silk Road and was an early adopter of oriental culture. Later, this ideological and cultural movement spread to Western Europe, and these movements promoted the humanistic spirit through the study of ancient Greece, ancient Rome, and artistic creation.

In general, scholars from all countries are working hard to promote this movement, and there is no difference.

Compare and analyze the similarities and differences in the development of Italian, Spanish, French, and English literature during the Renaissance.

Italy was the center of the Renaissance, as a large number of scholars fled to Italy when Byzantium (the Eastern Roman Empire) fell around the 13th century. Causes of its origin: In medieval Europe, the center of the world was concentrated on the Mediterranean coast, Italy was the first to produce the germ of capitalism, and the bourgeoisie wanted to break through the shackles of church theology.

Italy has a large number of ancient Greek and Roman cultural classics. From the 14th to the 17th centuries (Renaissance), Italy was full of talented people in one place. Italy is located on an important part of the Silk Road, and the shirt was an early adopter of oriental culture.

Later, this ideological and cultural movement spread to Western Europe, and these movements promoted the humanistic spirit through the study of ancient Greece, ancient Rome, and artistic creation. In general, scholars in all countries are diligently promoting this movement to bury oak, and there is no difference.

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It is. Difference Between Italian Renaissance and Spanish Renaissance.

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At the same time as the Italian Renaissance art flourished, Spain gradually appeared a new atmosphere of the Renaissance centered on the dry city, in the Spanish Renaissance humanism was more concerned with the scientific view of natural phenomena and the starvation of insight, while the revival of classical culture was secondary, and the depiction of the natural world in the field of art was more refined and precise. The Italian Renaissance and the Spanish Renaissance were different in terms of architecture, sculpture, painting, etc.

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The Italian Renaissance works of art are characterized by the scientificization of techniques, the secularization of content and the idealization of aesthetics, which have become important requirements for the Italian Renaissance plastic arts. It is manifested in the following three aspects.

Technique performance.

In the process of studying nature, we draw nourishment from ancient art and explore the laws of plastic art. Scientific laws such as perspective, chiaroscuro, and anatomy were gradually established, and by the time of the 16th century, when there were many masters, these theories and practices developed into a complete set of scientific painting systems.

Thematic performance.

Artists in the new era have begun to take an interest in real life, observing everything that happens around them with a new and realistic vision, and depicting people of flesh and blood.

At first, the artists injected secular elements into their works under the legitimate cloak of religion, and gradually expanded to depict Greco-Roman mythology and the lives of ordinary people, and began to praise human nature, praise nature, and express humanist ideas in their works.

The performance of aesthetic pursuits.

Through the study and study of ancient art, we strive to create a more idealized image. Through a large number of attempts and explorations by early Renaissance artists, and then summarized by the masters of Renaissance art in the heyday, a typical and idealized figure was finally created. With harmonious posture, well-proportioned proportions, and beautiful countenance, he has become a model of Western classical art.

1) The emergence of the capitalist mode of production. In the 14th century, the social productive forces in Italy developed considerably, and the capitalist mode of production emerged. The development of the productive forces has led to a change in people's attitudes.

2) The study and excavation of ancient Greek and Roman cultures has led to a total skepticism of medieval theology. Italy is a descendant of ancient Rome and is the direct successor of ancient Roman culture. They pursued the origins, yearning for the glory of ancient Rome, and began to develop their own culture from archaeology, discovering people and the value of people from the ancient Greco-Roman culture that was discovered in large quantities.

3) The emergence of patrons of the arts. The new bourgeois class – the big bankers, big businessmen and factory owners – became the new rulers of the Italian cities, and they invested heavily in the development of the arts, acting as "patrons of the arts". For example, the Medici family was the main patron of the arts.

4) The status of artists has improved. Since the Middle Ages, the status of artists has been extremely low, in the 15th century the status of artists was generally improved, and they were no longer considered craftsmen, and at the beginning of the 16th century, the excellent status of artists was fully affirmed by society. The talent of the artist can be fully exploited in superior conditions.

5) The war sent artists to Italy. In the 15th century, the Eastern Byzantine Empire was invaded by the Turks. Artists and scholars could not live in peace, so they fled to Florence and Siena in Italy with precious books, Greek art, etc.

6) The influence of new ideas that are gradually forming. Under the new economic conditions, humanism, an ideological culture opposed to the religious theocratic culture, was formed. Humanist scholars and artists advocated humanity against divinity, human rights against theocracy, and freedom of individuality against personal dependence.

It was on this basis that the fine arts of the Italian Renaissance developed.

Subjective reasons: The new bourgeoisie saw medieval culture as a regression, while the classical culture of Greece and Rome was a model of bright development, and they sought to revive classical culture – and the so-called "revival" was in fact an unprecedented liberation and creation of knowledge and spirit.

Practical reasons: feudal secession has caused widespread discontent, national consciousness has begun to awaken, and the masses of European countries have expressed a strong desire for national unity. As a result, a new period of culture and art began to reflect the interests and demands of the emerging capitalist forces.

Objective reasons: In 1453, the Ottoman Turkish Empire captured Constantinople and the Eastern Roman Empire fell. A large number of people who were influenced by Oriental culture and still retained the spirit of the ancient Roman Empire fled to Italy, bringing back many new ideas and arts, and opening schools in Rome to teach Greek, which led to the formation of the Renaissance movement.

The Renaissance was a new trend of bourgeois culture that emerged in Italy in the 14th century. The first appearance of capitalism in Italy was a prerequisite for Italy to become the birthplace of the Renaissance. Since capitalist relations of production first developed in Italy, the bourgeois cultural currents corresponding to them also first appeared in Italy.

The main reasons are: (1) the dominance of various traditional concepts of feudal theology at that time; (2) after the budding capitalism, the emerging bourgeoisie is dissatisfied with the status quo; (3) Ancient Greece and Rome have a strong cultural accumulation; (4) Talents gather and celebrities emerge.

Around the 14th century, the Mediterranean region was the most prosperous region in Europe. At that time, many city-states arose in Italy. In these cities, commerce flourished, handicraft workshops developed, and more and more people became wealthy through the development of industry and commerce, and began to generate new seniority.

They are very dissatisfied with the church's control of the spiritual world and demand that it be human-centered, not God-centered; Advocate the development of people's personality and the pursuit of people's happiness in real life.