Explanation of terms in microbial aspects

Co-synthesis: refers to some important biochemical processes that cannot be completed by a single microorganism or can only be carried out weakly, and must rely on two or more actions to complete. Therefore, many specific metabolic norms are that a single microbial cannot be synthesized and must be synthesized by more than two microorganisms.

This synthesis method that relies on the synthesis of two or more microorganisms to obtain the desired metabolites is called co-synthesis.

Quorum sensing: When cultivating microorganisms to obtain the corresponding required metabolites, the more microbial strains participating in the reaction, the faster the reaction speed, and if the number of strains is large enough, the degree of reaction will also increase to a certain extent due to the accumulation of chemicals secreted by each strain in the reaction.

This phenomenon in which multiple individual plants interact with each other to increase the speed of reaction and increase the degree of response is called the group effect.

Chimeric Agents: Involves how electrochemical DNA biosensors work. It is a reagent that connects the surface of the tested electrode to the SSDNA of a specific sequence.

Because the DNA molecule is connected to the ions on the reagent in a chimeric way, it is called a chimeric agent.

Attached: Introduction to electrochemical DNA biosensors.

Electrochemical DNA biosensors have been developed in recent years, and are a new DNA detection technology like optical DNA sensors and piezoelectric DNA sensors. Its principle is to use the specific recognition (molecular hybridization) of a specific sequence of SSDNA immobilized on the surface of the electrode and the homologous sequence in solution to form double-stranded dsDNA, resulting in the change of the surface structure of the electrode before and after hybridization, and at the same time, the purpose of detecting genes is achieved with the help of a change in the current response signal of a hybridization indicator that can identify SSDNA and dsDNA. Electrochemical DNA biosensors have strong molecular recognition capabilities, no radiolabeling, no harm to the human body, fast detection speed and simple operation, and can be combined with flow injection technology for real-time detection and liveness detection.

At present, DNA biosensors are used in genetic analysis and drug analysis, involving the detection of specific genes, DNA damage analysis, detection of DNA-binding drugs, and the design of new drug molecules. Yilu et al. investigated the superiority of DNA as a biosensor material, and studied the high sensitivity and high selectivity of DNA sensors in response to certain metal ions.

4 At present, electrochemical research on DNA sensors is mainly focused on:

Combined with enzymes and immunosensors for research to expand their applicability and further expand the application range of DNA sensors;

The screening study of high-sensitivity and high-selectivity hybridization indicators suitable for high-sensitivity detection is mainly to select double chimeras and triple chimeras to improve the currently used single chimeras.

A new method of immobilization of single-stranded DNA on the electrode surface was sought to optimize the electrode structure.

The application research in the genetic diagnosis of clinical diseases and drug analysis, especially the electrochemical mechanism of anticancer drugs on the DNA modification electrode, provides a basis for the screening of anticancer drugs.

Food microbiology is a science that mainly studies microorganisms and food manufacturing and preservation.

Introduction to the subject. Food microbiology is a sub-discipline of microbiology. It is specialized from industrial microbiology, microbial ecology and hygiene, and mainly studies microorganisms.

Microbiology: Microbiology is a science that studies microorganisms and their vital activities. Microorganisms: Microorganisms refer to all multicellular or even cellless structures that are tiny, single-celled, or individual.

Plasmid: Genetic material outside the chromosome, Bacteria: A bacterium is a single-celled microorganism with a cell wall, which is a microscopic individual, simple in morphology, and slightly differentiated in structure.

Microorganisms are organisms that are so small that they are invisible to the naked eye and can only be seen with the help of a microscope. Microorganisms include: bacteria, viruses, fungi and some small protists, microscopic algae, etc., a large group of organisms, which are small and closely related to humans.

It covers many kinds of beneficial and harmful, and is widely involved in food, medicine, industry and agriculture, environmental protection, sports and many other fields.

In Chinese textbooks, microorganisms are divided into the following eight categories: bacteria, viruses, fungi, actinomycetes, rickettsia, mycoplasma, chlamydia, and spirochetes. Some microorganisms are visible to the naked eye, such as mushrooms, reishi, shiitake mushrooms, etc., which belong to fungi.

There are also microorganisms, which are a class of "non-cellular organisms" that are made up of a few components such as nucleic acids and proteins

A general term for creatures with small bodies and simple structures. The vast majority of individuals can only be seen with a microscope and are widely distributed in nature, such as bacteria, rickettsia, mycoplasma, chlamydia, viruses, unicellular algae, protozoa, etc.

A large group of living organisms, together with plants and animals, make up the kingdom of organisms. These include bacteria, molds, yeasts, spirochetes, viruses, and many more. It is a group of organisms with tiny, simple single or multicellular structures, or even no cellular structure.

Microorganisms are widely distributed in soil, water, air, and human and animal bodies, and multiply rapidly. Some are good for humans, and some are harmful to humans. Because of its rapid reproduction, it has a variety of life activity types, and plays an important role in the transformation and circulation of materials in nature, and has important significance and role in industry and agriculture.

"On the Party's Question of the Party's Mass Line": As Comrade *** said, we should sweep the floor and wash our faces frequently, so as not to blind and erode the minds of our comrades and the body of our Party by these political dust and political microorganisms.