What is MCU? What is the structural difference between it and a general microcomputer? 30

Single-chip microcomputer, also known as microcontroller, is a microcomputer that integrates processors, memory, timing counters, and various input and output interfaces on an integrated circuit chip.

Compared to general-purpose microprocessors, it places more emphasis on self-efficiency (without external hardware) and cost savings. Its biggest advantage is that it is small in size and can be placed inside the instrument, but the storage capacity is small, the input and output interface is simple, and the function is low. Due to its rapid development, the definition of the old microcontroller can no longer be satisfied, so it is called a wider range of microcontrollers in many applications; Because microcontrollers are often used as controllers, they are also known as single chip microcontrollers.

"Single chip" is Taiwan's name for single-chip microcomputer; Chinese mainland mainly uses the name of "single-chip microcomputer", abbreviated as MCU in English.

The single-chip microcomputer is the CPU, memory, and IO bus integrated on a chip, which can perform data operations and logical operations, which you can understand as a microcomputer, which has all the functions of the computer, but only a specific part, please see as follows

The single-chip microcomputer is a CPU, RAM and ROM memory, parallel serial input and output interface, timer counter, oscillator and other five parts are all integrated in a chip, as long as a few small components are configured, such as resistors, capacitors, etc., a complete microcomputer can be formed. The main parts of a general microcomputer are composed of different chips, and they can be assembled on a circuit board to form a general microcomputer.

A microcontroller integrates CPU, memory, and IO bus on a chip.

It's a very simple system.

Why is there an opening word in front of your question?

Both microcontrollers and microcomputers are embedded computers that are used to control and process tasks in embedded systems. The differences between them are as follows:

The composition makes Tanyu different: the single-chip microcomputer is a chip with a very high degree of integration, including CPU, RAM, ROM, peripherals and other circuits, which can complete independent control tasks. Microcomputers, on the other hand, are composed of multiple chips such as CPUs, RAM, ROMs, and peripherals.

The range of applications is different: the single-chip microcomputer is suitable for simple, independent control tasks, such as home appliances, automotive electronics, instrumentation, etc. Microcomputers are suitable for embedded systems that need to process complex data, images, audio, and other tasks, such as smartphones, tablets, smart homes, etc.

Different power consumption and performance: Due to the high integration and low power consumption of microcontrollers, and their application in simple tasks, the performance and hail power consumption are better than those of microcomputers. Microcomputers, on the other hand, have relatively high performance and power consumption due to the need to handle complex tasks.

Different development difficulties: Due to the high hardware integration of single-chip microcomputers, the development difficulty is relatively low. However, the hardware design of microcomputers needs to consider more factors, so it is relatively difficult to develop. ‘

In short, microcontrollers and microcomputers have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the application scope and development difficulty are also different, so it is necessary to choose the appropriate embedded computer according to the actual needs.

A microcontroller is the core controller of an embedded system, integrating microprocessors, memory, input and output interfaces, and other peripherals. The design of the microcontroller is optimized for embedded systems, with the characteristics of low power consumption, low cost, high reliability, and customization. SCM has a wide range of applications, including household appliances, automotive electronics, industrial control, consumer electronics, etc.

A microcomputer is a general-purpose computer with a complete computer system structure, including microprocessors, memory, input/output interfaces, hard disks, operating systems, etc. Microcomputers are suitable for office, education, scientific research and other fields, and can realize a variety of applications, such as word processing, data processing, network communication, etc.

The difference between a single-chip microcomputer and a microcomputer is in the function and application scenario. The microcontroller is designed for embedded systems, with simple functions and low cost, suitable for real-time control and operation. Microcomputers, on the other hand, are versatile and powerful for advanced applications and computational processing.

The differences between a microcomputer and an ordinary microcomputer are:

1. The structure is different. The single-chip microcomputer uses ultra-large-scale integrated circuit technology to integrate the functions of the best processor CPU, random access RAM, and read-only memory ROM with data processing capabilities into a silicon wafer, which is a small and perfect microcomputer system. Microcomputers, on the other hand, are small electronic computers composed of large-scale integrated circuits.

It is a bare metal based on a microprocessor, equipped with internal memory, input and output interface circuits, and corresponding auxiliary circuits.

2. The characteristics are different. The size of the single-chip microcomputer is relatively small, and the internal chip is a computer system, which has a simple structure, but perfect functions, is very convenient to use, can be used modularly, has a high degree of integration, and has strong reliability. Microcomputers, on the other hand, are small, flexible, cheap, and easy to use.

The integration of a microcomputer on a chip constitutes a monolithic microcomputer.

3. The application is different. SCM is mainly used in automated office, mechatronics, cutting-edge and national defense and military fields, aerospace fields, automotive electronic equipment, medical equipment fields, commercial marketing equipment, computer communications, home appliances fields, daily life and real-time control fields. Microcomputers are mainly used in machinery manufacturing technology, information processing, processing, transmission technology, automatic control technology, servo drive technology, sensor technology, software technology, etc.

From a professional point of view, a microcomputer also belongs to a microcomputer.

They are the relationship between "apples" and "fruits".

In layman's terms: a single-chip microcomputer is just an integrated circuit chip with a small size.

The features are simple, but they are sufficient.

And a microcomputer, the average person refers to: a person who hasComputer form factorof smart devices.

Such as: desktops, laptops, tablets, mobile phones, dash cams, etc.

Don't forget to adopt.

Theoretically speaking, the microcomputer belongs to a kind of microcomputer, and the microcomputer principle is also to learn data bus, address bus, register, and stack.

and other structural principles. When I learned the principle of microcomputer, I used Z80 CPU as an example, and the assembly instructions in the textbook were Z80 fingers.

Cause. In the early days of single-chip microcomputers in China, the 51 series single-random manuscript film machines were used as an example, so the assembly instructions were all MS-51 instructions. But inside the structure and micro.

The principle of the machine is almost introduced. If you are familiar with the principle of single-chip microcomputer, it is easier to learn the microcomputer original front chain theory.

Learning microcontrollers is very useful for working as a hardware engineer or embedded engineer, and the employment prospects are very good.

1.The application of single-chip microcomputer.

The functions of today's electronic products are not rich, and the hands-on experience is very user-friendly, which is inseparable from the single-chip microcomputer. It is precisely because the single-chip microcomputer can be programmed that the difficulty of product development is reduced and the complexity of the circuit is reduced. The following ** is a teardown diagram of millet body fat scale:

**Fast Retailing originated from Geekifix

The LQFP48 flat package in the picture is a single-chip microcomputer chip, but this chip is Hetai's and is not commonly used in the market.

2.What is a single-chip microcomputer.

CPU core, RAM, ROM, GPIO port, interrupt, timer counter and other functions on the single-chip microcomputer, the high-end single-chip microcomputer may also include PWM, AD conversion, UART communication, IIC communication, SPI communication, CAN communication and other resources, with the single-chip microcomputer as the core, the use of single-chip resources can build different peripheral circuits, so as to achieve different functions, due to programmability, the hardware logic design of the circuit has been greatly simplified. The single-chip microcomputer has also developed from 8 bits to 16 bits and 32 bits. High-end ARM chips, DSP chips, and FPGAs have emerged.

3.What position can a single-chip microcomputer be engaged in?

From single-chip microcomputer design to hardware design and programming, there are two major categories of hardware and software.

Hardware engineer: mainly design the hardware schematic of the product, design the PCBLAYOUT, if the software and hardware are not separated, the small company may have to program;

PCB design.

4.What are the development prospects?

If you are very interested in microcontrollers, you can participate in electronic design competitions and participate in some small projects with teachers during school. These are very beneficial for finding a job in the future.

The hardware industry needs to accumulate experience, after all, the hardware involves too wide of content, and the development prospects of this industry are very good.

Main differences: 1. The CPU of general-purpose microcomputer is mainly oriented to data processing, and its development mainly revolves around the further improvement of data processing function, computing speed and accuracy.

The single-chip microcomputer is mainly oriented to control, and the data type and data processing in the control are relatively simple, so the data processing function of the single-chip microcomputer is relatively weaker than that of the general-purpose microcomputer, and the calculation speed and accuracy are relatively lower.

2. The memory organization structure in the general-purpose microcomputer is mainly aimed at increasing the storage capacity and the speed of CPU access to data.

The organizational structure of the memory in the single-chip microcomputer is relatively simple, the memory chip is directly attached to the bus of the single-chip microcomputer, and the CPU addresses the memory unit according to the direct physical address of the memory, and the addressing space of the memory is generally 64KB.

3. The IO interface in the general microcomputer mainly considers standard peripherals (such as CRT, standard keyboard, mouse, printer, hard disk, CD, etc.).

MCU is another kind of microcomputer, they are different due to different uses, MCU is based on industrial needs to develop.

1. The composition is different.

Single-chip microcomputer: It is an integrated circuit chip, which mainly includes the first processor CPU, random access RAM, read-only memory ROM, a variety of IO ports and interrupt systems, timer counters and other functions (may also include display drive circuits, pulse width modulation circuits, analog multiplexers, AD converters and other circuits) and so on.

Microcomputer: A complete microcomputer system consists of two parts: the hardware system and the software system. The hardware system consists of combinators, controllers, memory (including memory, external memory and cache), and various input and output devices, which work in a "instruction-driven" mode.

Software systems can be divided into system software and application software.

2. The characteristics are different.

Single-chip microcomputer: small size, simple structure, perfect function, easy to use, strong reliability; Low voltage and low energy consumption during application; Strong ability to process and calculate data, and have strong control ability; It has the advantages of easy portability, and at the same time, it is cost-effective.

Microcomputer: accurate execution results, fast processing speed, cost-effective, light and compact; And the technology is constantly updated, the product is rapidly replaced, from a simple computing tool to a powerful multi-tool that can process numbers, symbols, words, language, graphics, images, audio, and other information.

3. The application is different.

SCM is mainly used in automated office, mechatronics, cutting-edge and national defense and military fields, aerospace fields, automotive electronic equipment, medical equipment fields, commercial marketing equipment, computer communications, home appliances fields, daily life and real-time control fields.

Microcomputer: mainly used in mechanical manufacturing technology, information processing, processing, transmission technology, automatic control technology, servo drive technology, sensor technology, software technology, etc.