When was the Hammurabi Code proposed? What does it do?

In 2000 B.C., King Hammurabi of the ancient Babylonian dynasty in Mesopotamia created the Code of Hammurabi out of stone tablets. This is the first written and relatively complete legal classic found by mankind, which has made a complete regulation of the slave society at that time in the form of law, which has a deep significance, and is one of the signs that the slavery civilization of the ancient Babylonian Dynasty entered its heyday.

The status and value of the Hammurabi Code is the most representative cuneiform code, and it is also the first relatively complete written code in ancient times existing in the world.

The Code of Hammurabi inherits the original legal essence of the two river basins relatively completely, and develops it to the point of perfection. It openly affirmed the dominance of the slave-owning class, strictly protected the interests of the slave-owning class, and made relatively comprehensive provisions on various legal relations.

The enactment of the Code of Hammurabi was also one of the symbols of the centralization of slavery in the ancient Babylonian kingdom in the Middle East, which eliminated the legislation of the original city-states and unified the laws of the whole country. During the ancient Babylonian kingdom, the irrigation system was further developed and the tools for pumping water were improved. The plough has been improved with a seeding funnel attached.

Bronze tools were widely used, and handicraft production increased. Brick-making, sewing, lapidary, metallurgy, engraving, leatherman, carpenter, shipbuilder and builder show that the division of labor in the handicraft industry has been quite fine. With the development of agriculture and handicrafts, there was also a development of commerce at home and abroad.

The cities of Babylon and Sipal were important commercial centers, and the merchants of the royal economy monopolized the bulk goods at home and abroad, managed the state taxes, and carried out usury activities and land management. In addition, there were many slave owners who ran businesses privately.

The meaning of the "Code of Hammurabi" is as follows:

1. The Code of Hammurabi is a representative code of cuneiform writing in the ancient Lianghe River Basin and its adjacent areas, and it is also the earliest legal code that has been completely preserved in the world. This is one of its historical values, and its circulation is conducive to the study and discovery of ancient Babylonian civilization.

2. The Code of Hammurabi is the first relatively complete written code in the history of the world, and occupies an important position in the history of the world's legal system.

3. The Code of Hammurabi shows the social conditions of the ancient Babylonian kingdom more clearly, and is a valuable first-hand document for understanding and studying the history of the ancient Babylonian kingdom.

Components of the Code of Hammurabi:

The Code of Hammurabi consists of a preamble, an article (273), and an epilogue, covering the proceedings, theft, military land, tenancy, employment, commercial usury, potato tuck marriage, inheritance, injury, debt, slavery, and so on. The basic characteristics of the code are: first, it clearly protects the interests of the slave-owning class and protects the private ownership of slavery; Secondly, the Code also preserves certain remnants of customary law.

The Code of Hammurabi "made the customary law of the Amorites a culture on the one hand, and on the other hand, it absorbed the results of the Sumerian and Akkadian legislation inherent in the two river basins and the city-states of the Ishin Larsha era." However, it was mainly a product of the economic system of the society at that time, reflecting the reality of all aspects of society at that time.

The Code of Hammurabi "contains a total of 282 articles on the pillars. The code was based on the Sumerian legislative primitives, which incorporated new Semitic inventions, but they differed as to what principles belonged to the Sumerians and what to the Semites, so it is best to put them all together simply in the list of the most famous references to the Mesopotamian legal system.

The Code of Rabbis of Hammura is the first known written code in the world to be relatively complete, and it is a historical material for understanding ancient Babylonian society, embodying the lofty spirit of justice and ethics, and has an important impact on the later ancient Greece and ancient Rome.

The Code of Hammurabi is the world's first relatively complete legal code, its purpose is to maintain social order, the code strives to safeguard the unequal social hierarchy and the interests of the slave-owning aristocracy, in essence, to safeguard the interests of the ruling slave-owning class.

The Code of Hammurabi is a compilation of laws promulgated by the ancient Babylonian king Hammurabi (reigned from about 1792 BC to 1750 BC) in the Middle East in about 1776 BC.

The original text of the Code of Hammurabi is engraved on a black basalt pillar with a height of meters, a length of meters at the perimeter, and a meter of circumference at the bottom, so it is also called the "stone pillar method".

At the top of the stone pillar is King Hammurabi standing in front of Shamash, the god of the sun and justice, receiving a relief of the symbol of royal power, to symbolize the divine right of kingship and the inviolability of royal power; At the lower end is a codex inscription in Akkadian cuneiform, with a total of 3,500 lines and 282 articles, which is now preserved in the Asian Exhibition Hall of the Louvre Museum in Paris.

The Code of Hammurabi consists of three parts: a preface, a main text, and an epilogue, which occupy about one-fifth of the entire length, and is rich in language, ornate, and full of words that deify and glorify Hammurabi, and is a hymn to the king. The text includes 282 laws of Youhuai, which make detailed provisions on criminal, civil, marriage, inheritance, trial and other systems.