The concept and universality of acid, alkali and salt

Compounds that are formed when ionized are all hydrogen ions are called acids. Such as H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, etc. are all acids.

Compounds that are all hydroxide ions produced during ionization are called bases. Such as NaOH, Ca(OH)2, BA(OH)2, etc.

Compounds that produce metal ions and acid ions when ionized are called salts. For example, NaCl, Kno3, Al2(SO4)3, CuSO4·5H20, etc. are all salts. Although ammonium ions are not metal ions, because they have the characteristics of metal ions, the compounds composed of ammonium ions and acid ions should belong to the salt group.

Upstairs is wrong: not all acids are neutralized with alkalis! For example, hydrogen sulfide (hydrosulfuric acid) and aluminum hydroxide cannot be neutralized; Conversely, aluminium sulfide in water will quickly decompose into aluminium hydroxide and hydrogen sulphide gas. It's true, we call it hydrolysis.

In addition, when writing the ionization of an acid or base, if it is a weak acid or a weak base, it should be represented by a reversible symbol!

There is also a little imperfection upstairs, which is the definition of acid and base. The true definition is: the substance that can release protons is an acid, and the substance that can bind protons is a base. There is also a definition: a substance that can release electrons is a base, and a substance that can bind electrons is an acid.

1.Acidic universality.

hmron=mh++ronm-

1) Interaction with indicator: the acid solution can make the purple litmus solution red, and the colorless phenolphthalein solution does not change color.

2) Reaction with metals: The metals in front of h can replace the hydrogen in the acid.

Zn+H2SO4=ZNSO4 (rare) + H2 Zn+2HCl(rare) = ZNCl2+H2

Note: Nitric acid has strong oxidizing properties, and can not get H2 by reacting with metals, only water.

3) React with metal oxides to form salts and water.

cuo+h2so4=cuso4+h2o

Fe2O3+6HCl=FeCl3+3H2O4) reacts with the base to form salt and water.

fe(oh)3+3hcl=fecl3+3h2onaoh+hcl=nacl+h2o

Cu(OH)2+H2SO4= CuSO4+ H2O5) reacts with the salt to form another acid and another acid.

ca2co3+2hcl=cacl2+h2o+co2↑agno3+hcl=agcl↓+hno3

bacl2+h2so4=baso4↓+2hcl2.General properties of bases.

m(oh)n=mn++noh-

1) Interaction with indicators: the alkali solution can make the purple litmus test solution turn blue, and make the colorless phenolphthalein test solution red.

2) Alkali + Acid Oxide Salt and Water.

2naoh+so2=na2so3+h2o

2naoh+so3=na2so4+h2o

3) Alkali + acid salt and water.

Ba(OH)2+2HCl=BACL2+2H2OCA(OH)2+H2SO4=CASO4+2H2O4) Alkali and salt Another alkali and another salt.

k2co3+ba(oh)2=baco3↓+2konna2so4+ba(oh)3=baco4↓+2naon3.Chemical properties of salt.

1) Salt + Metal Another salt + another metal.

2) Salt + Acid Another salt + another acid.

3) Salt + Alkali Another salt + another alkali.

4) Salt + Salt Two other types of salt.

Definition of acid-base saltsAcids: Compounds in which the cations produced during ionization are all hydrogen ions.

Acid refers to compounds that produce cations when ionized as all hydrogen ions, base refers to compounds that produce anions when ionized as hydroxide ions, and salt refers to compounds that produce metal cations and acid ions when ionized.

Chemical reactions

Quality. Acidic universality.

Corrosive, the solution is acidic, and can react with active metals, alkalis, certain salts and metal oxides to react with active metals before hydrogen to produce salts and hydrogen.

Alkali universality: corrosive, the solution is alkaline, can react with certain metals, acids, certain salts and non-metal oxides.

Salt generality: some salts have weak corrosiveness, the pH of the solution is judged according to the nature of the salt, and can react with certain acids, alkalis, salts and other compounds.

Definition of acid-base salts:

1.Acids: Acids are also acids in compounds that produce all cations (H+) when ionized, or substances that dissolve in water and release protons to form H3O+ (hydronium ions).

2.Alkali: The anions ionized in an aqueous solution are all oh- substances, which are bases. The alkali solution can react with the acid-base indicator, the purple litmus test solution turns blue when it encounters alkali, and the colorless phenolphthalein test solution turns red when it encounters alkali.

3.Salts: Compounds in which metal ions or ammonium ions (NH4+) are combined with acid ions or non-metal ions are salts.

Acid-base salt differentiation method:

Most acids are soluble, and silicic acid is slightly soluble. Alkali potassium sodium barium ammonium soluble, calcium is slightly soluble and insoluble. Lead barium sulfate is immersed in water, slightly soluble calcium, silver and mercury.

The salts are dissolved with potassium, sodium ammonium, plus soluble nitrate. Carbonic acid can dissolve potassium and sodium ammonium, and the rest is submerged in the middle. Hydrochloric acid precipitates silver mercurous, as well as slightly soluble lead chloride.

The general properties of acid-base salts are as follows:

Acids: Metals react with acids; reacts with acid-base indicators; and basic oxides; and alkali reaction and salt reaction; Bases: and indicators, reacts with acids, and acidic oxides, and salts; Salts: acids, alkalis, salts and alkaline oxides.

Acidic universality.

The acid solution can react with the acid-base indicator, acid + alkaline oxide = salt + water, etc. Universality of alkali: the alkali solution can react with the acid-base indicator, the purple litmus test solution turns blue when it encounters alkali, and the colorless phenolphthalein test solution turns red when it encounters alkali. Insoluble alkali, such as can not make the acid-base indicator change, etc.

2. The universality of salt

Some salts are weakly corrosive, and the pH of the solution is determined by the nature of the salt, and it can react with certain acids, bases, salts, and other compounds. Acid is corrosive, the solution is acidic, can react with active metals, alkalis, some salts and metal oxides react with active metals discharged before hydrogen to form salts and hydrogen, and react with indicators, pH acidic solutions are not necessarily acids, but acids must be acidic solutions.

Alkali is corrosive. The solution is alkaline and can react with acids, certain salts, non-metal oxides, some bases can react with some metal oxides, and react with indicators The alkaline solution is not necessarily a base, but the alkali must be an alkaline solution. (Apparently alkaline solutions are not necessarily alkaline solutions, the so-called alkaline; But alkali must be alkaline, that is, the pH value is greater than 7.

Acid refers to compounds in which all cations produced during ionization are radon ions; Base refers to a compound in which all the anions produced during ionization are hydroxide ions; Salts refer to compounds that form metal cations (or ammonium ions) and acid ions when ionized. It can be abbreviated as: radon acid, oxygen, alkali, stove filial metal, acid, and salt.

Compounds formed only by the combination of oxygen ions and acid ions, and non-metallic elemental recesses are acids. The compound formed by the combination of metal ions and radon oxide ions is a base. Compounds formed by the combination of metal ions and acid ions are salts, not always of which is the case.

Examples such as Cu2(OH)2CO3 basic copper carbonate have hydroxide radicals. Acid-base salts must contain non-metallic elements.

Acids can ionize H+ and acid ions in aqueous solution.

Alkali can ionize metal ions and oh- in aqueous solution.

Salts are a class of chemical compounds that are widely found in nature, and their composition contains metal ions (or ammonium ions) and acid ions.

Solubility of common salts and alkalis:

Potassium (salt), sodium (salt), and ammonium salt are all soluble, and nitrate is nowhere to be seen in water.

Sulfate is insoluble barium sulfate, chloride is insoluble silver chloride.

Carbonate only dissolves potassium (salt), sodium (salt), and ammonium (salt).

Solubility of alkalis: only potassium (hydroxide), sodium (hydroxide), calcium (hydroxide), and barium (hydroxide) are soluble.

Definition of acid-base salts: cations produced when ionized are compounds of hydrogen ions.

The cations produced during the ionization of the acid finger are all hydrogen ion compounds, the alkali finger is the compound of the ionization ion of the hydroxide potato root ion, and the salt refers to the compound that produces metal cation and acid ion during ionization.

Acid-base salts can be abbreviated as: hydrogen-head acid, hydroxide at the end of alkali, metal at the beginning of acid, and acid at the end of salt.

Basic introduction to acid-base salts:

Acid: The cations produced during ionization are all hydrogen ions. Alkali:

The anions produced during ionization are all hydroxide ions. Salts: Compounds containing metal cations and acid ions are formed when ionized.

A combination formed only by the combination of hydrogen ions, acid ions, and non-metallic elements.

Definition of acid-base salts:

Acids: The cations produced during ionization are all compounds with a crude ridge of hydrogen ions, called acids such as: H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), HCl (hydrochloric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid).

Alkali: The anions produced during ionization are all hydroxide ion compounds, called bases, such as: NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide), NH4OH (ammonia).

Salt: Compounds that generate rock bright permeable metal cations (or NH4) and acid ions during ionization, called salts such as: Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate), CuSO4 (copper sulfate), NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate).

The compound bond formed by the combination of hydrogen ions and acid ions is acid.

The compound formed by the combination of metal ions and acid ions is salt.

The compound formed by the combination of metal ions and hydroxide ions is a base.