What happened when Wang Anshi changed the law, and what was the result of Wang Anshi s change?

The changes in the sky are not enough to fear, the words of people are not enough to be compassionate, and the law of the ancestors is not enough to be observed"Wang Anshi's spirit of three deficiencies reflects his courage to reform, innovation, and innovation.

In the first year of Xining (1068), the newly enthroned Song Shenzong asked Wang Anshi: "What should be the first priority in today's governance?" Wang Anshi replied

Start with the choice of technique. In the second year of Xining, Song Shenzong asked Wang Anshi: "I don't know what Qing has set up, what is the priority?"

Wang Anshi replied: "Changing customs and legislating is also urgent." Whoever wants to be beautiful and customary, in the elder gentleman, eliminate the villain, and use courtesy, righteousness and shame from the gentleman."

In February of the second year of Xining (1069), Wang Anshi began to implement a new law and adopted a series of reform measures. Fan Zhen, a scholar from Hanlin, believed that the implementation of the "green seedling law" was to become rich and take more and take less, but "take less and take more, like fifty steps and a hundred steps", in July and August, Fan Chunren wrote to the emperor, publicly accusing An Shi of "making money", giving up "Yao Shun knows the way of people and people", and in the imperial history, Cheng Lu Zhi wrote to impeach Wang Anshi for cleverness, saying that he: "If you put all the slaughter and auxiliary, the world will suffer from it."

Once Song Shenzong and Wen Yanbo discussed the matter of changing the law, Shenzong said: "Changing the legal system, Dr. Yu Shi is very displeased, but what is the inconvenience with the people? Wen Yanbo said

In order to rule the world with scholars, not with the people. In the second year, Sima Guang wrote three long letters to Wang Anshi - "The Book with (Wang) Jiefu" criticized Wang Anshi for "financial interests are not autonomous by the commission of the three divisions, and the regulations of the three divisions are established", "and the envoy of Changping Guanghuicang", "Now Jiefu is the government, and the old law of the ancestors is changed, the first is the last, the upper is lower, the right is left, the one who becomes is destroyed, the one who abandons is taken, and the poor day is exhausted, and then the night is not resting", "Now Jiefu is the government, the first to establish the regulations department, talk about financial interests, and order Xue Xiangxing to lose the law in Jiang and Huai, want to take the benefits of the merchants, and send messengers to scatter the green seedlings in the world and collect their interest, so that people are sad, your son will not see each other, and your brother and wife will be separated." "Or those who see a small difference, and whisper about the convenience of the new order, will be angry at the beginning, or scold and insult them, or chase them away from the top, and do not wait for the end of their words.

The Lord is tolerant of this, and Jiefu refuses to admonish Nell, which is not enough to forgive! He enumerated the disadvantages of the implementation of the new law, such as "invading officials", "causing trouble", "expropriating profits", "refusing advice", and "causing resentment", and demanded that Wang Anshi abolish the new law and restore the old system. Wang Anshi wrote a reply to Sima's advice and replied:

If you really blame me for being in power for a long time and failing to help the great things, so as to anoint the people, then a certain person is guilty, if he says that everything is not done today, and what he has done before, then he does not dare to know. Later, the two broke up completely, Sima Guang resigned from the emperor, and lived in seclusion in Luoyang to concentrate on compiling the "Zizhi Tongjian".

The background, content, and results of Wang Anshi's reform are as follows:

Background: The bureaucracy is expanding, the army is constantly expanding, the official and military expenditures are huge, and the government is not able to make ends meet. Land annexation is serious, and social class contradictions are acute.

The result: the new law violated the interests of the bureaucracy and the big landlords, and was strongly opposed by them. After the death of Song Shenzong, Sima Guang became prime minister in 1086, and the new law was almost completely abolished.

Contents: Starting from financial management, the "Farmland Water Conservancy Law", the Law of Equal Loss, the Law of Green Seedlings, the Law of Exemption from Labor, the Law of Municipal Trade, and the Law of Equal Taxation of Fangtian were promulgated, and the Law of Protecting Armor and the Art of War were implemented to strengthen the army.

Introduction

With the purpose of developing production, enriching the country and strengthening the army, and saving the political crisis of the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi's reform was centered on "financial management" and "army rectification", involving all aspects of politics, economy, military, society, and culture, and it was implicated from temples to rivers and lakes.

To a certain extent, the reform changed the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty, enriched the finances, improved the national defense strength, and cracked down on and restricted the illegal fishing profits of the feudal landlord class and big businessmen.

1. Institutional reform system, the three divisions of the Ordinance Division, the Municipal Law of Change, and the Law of Baojia; 2. Reform taxation, Fangtian Average Tax Law, Equal Loss Law, Green Seedling Law, and Recruitment Law; 3. New water conservancy; Fourth, the reform of the armed forces, the law of military reduction, the law of generals, the law of protecting horses, and the law of arms supervision; 5. Reform the imperial examination, the three-round method, and the tribute examination method.

1. Seedling method.

This method was tried by him in Yin County, and now it is being used to promote it throughout the country.

2. Farmland Water Conservancy Law.

** Encourage local governments to build water conservancy and reclaim wasteland.

3. Exemption from military service.

For all kinds of government servants, the households no longer serve on their own, but are hired by the government to serve. Households are exempted from military service according to their wealth and poverty, and bureaucrats and landlords who did not serve in the military must also pay money. This not only increased the government's revenue, but also reduced the burden of labor on the peasants.

4. Fangtian average tax law.

In order to prevent large landlords from annexing land and concealing the land population, the land is measured by **, the amount of land is verified, and taxes are collected according to the amount of land and barrenness.

5. Armor protection law.

** Organize the peasants according to households, every ten households are one guarantee, fifty households are one big guarantee, and ten households are one guarantee. If there are two or more adult men in the family, one of them will be selected to be a baoding, and the soldiers will be trained in the agricultural slack, and they will be incorporated into the army to fight in wartime.