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Introduction to Sima Qian.

Sima Qian (145 BC or 135 BC - not available), a native of Xiayang (now Hanchengnan, Shaanxi). Historian and essayist of the Western Han Dynasty. With his historical knowledge of "studying heaven and man, through the changes of the past and the present, and becoming the words of a family", he created China's first general history in the form of biographies "Historical Records" (formerly known as "Taishi Gongshu").

Recognized as a model of Chinese history books, the book records the history of more than 3,000 years from the legendary Yellow Emperor period to the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and is the first of the "Twenty-five History", which is praised by Lu Xun as "the swan song of the historian, the rhyme of the separation".

Sima Qian is a troublemaker in the Han Dynasty. Sima Qian, whose character is long, was born in Longmen (Xiayang, Western Han Dynasty, now Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province, also known as Hejin City, Shanxi Province), a famous historian, writer and thinker of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Qian's greatest achievement was the Records of the Historians, written in 91 BC (the second year of Zhenghe).

The book has 130 chapters and more than 526,500 words, including 12 books, 30 families, 70 biographies, 10 tables, and 8 books, which has a great impact on the destruction of later generations, and is known as "the actual record, the history of letters", and is praised by Mr. Lu Xun as "the swan song of the historian, the rhyme of the separation", and is listed as the first of the "first four histories".

Han Bury Beiyu greatly admired Sima Qian's literary talent. He said: "The people of the Han Dynasty are all incomprehensible, and Du Sima Xiangru, Taishi Gong, Liu Xiang, and Yang Xiongzhi are the most.

He believes that the style of Sima Qian's works is "majestic, profound, elegant and healthy". "Historical Records" became a sample of Han Yu's composition. Liu Zongyuan believes that the articles of "Historical Records" are written simply and concisely, concisely and neatly, and there is no disease of branches; It is natural, not leaky, and not allowed to add a word; The choice of words to form sentences, painstakingly, can not be subtracted by one word.

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Analysis: Introduction to Sima Qian.

Sima Qian (145 BC or 135 BC?) Historian of the Western Han Dynasty and a literary scholar. The character is long, and he is a native of Xiayang, Zuo Fengyi (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi).

Born in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (145 BC), one said that he was born in the sixth year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (135 BC), and the year of his death cannot be examined. Sima Qian began to study ancient texts at the age of 10. About in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Yuanguang and Yuan Shuo, he learned "Ram Spring and Autumn" from the modern writer Dong Zhongshu, and learned "Ancient Wenshangshu" from the ancient writer Kong Anguo.

At the age of 20, he roamed south from Chang'an, the capital of Beijing, and traveled all over the Jianghuai River Basin and the Central Plains, inspecting customs and collecting legends wherever he went. Soon Shi was Langzhong, became the guard and servant of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and traveled to the west many times, and once sent an envoy to Bashu. In the third year of Yuan Feng (108 BC), Sima Qian succeeded his father Sima Tan and served as Taishi Ling, in charge of the astronomical calendar and royal books, so he had to read the books collected by the historians.

In the first year of Taichu (104 BC), the "Taichu Calendar" was compiled with Tang Du and Luoxiahong to replace the "Zhuan Calendar" inherited by Qin, and the new calendar adapted to the needs of the society at that time. After that, Sima Qian began to write the "Historical Records". Later, for defending Li Ling, who surrendered to the Xiongnu, he was convicted and imprisoned and was tortured by corruption.

After being released from prison, he served as the secretary of the Zhongshu order, continued to write books with anger, and finally completed the writing of the "Historical Records". People call his book "Taishi Gongshu". It is the first general history of China in the form of a chronicle, which has a far-reaching influence on the historiography of later generations.

Sima Qian also wrote the "Book of Reporting to Ren'an", which recorded his imprisonment and ambition to write a book, which has been praised by all generations.