Ask the master to help write a Quotations of the Pre Qin Zhuzi after reading any fragment

Hu Shi said in the "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy": "If we use the term of Western political theory, we can say that Confucius's is 'daddy's policy';Mencius's is the 'mother's policy'. Daddy's policy is to be decent and moral; Mother's policy wants people to be happy and happy, and wants people to enjoy happiness.

This is the difference between Confucius and Mencius (Confucius sometimes said that the people are rich, and Mencius sometimes talks about the heart of the king, but this is not what they pay the most attention to). Later generations do not know that this distinction represents the evolution of Confucian political doctrine for more than 100 years, so the distinction between parents and parents is not clear: on the one hand, they say that they are benevolent and love things, and on the other hand, they only know righteousness and sincerity.

This is the great harm of not having a sense of history. ”

Hu Shi's "mother policy" is actually what we call "people-oriented thinking"; Hu Shi's "dad policy" is actually the spiritual transcendence mentioned in the Axial Theory. Confucius and Mencius actually had both of these ideas (Hu Shih also pointed this out in parentheses), but the weight was a little lighter. Because the Axial Age is transcended from the pre-Axial Age, and transcendence is not abandonment, the real representatives of the Axial Age must have both kinds of ideas.

The original text and translation of the twelve quotations of the pre-Qin princes are as follows:

Original text] Zi said: "For politics and morality, such as Beichen, live in its place and all the stars are together." "Analects for Politics").

Confucius said: "If the monarch rules the country by virtue, he will be like the North Star, in a certain position, and the stars will surround it." ”

Original text] Zigong said: "If there is generosity to the people and can help the people, what is it? Can it be described as benevolent?

Zi said: "What is the matter with benevolence? It will be holy!

Yao Shun is still sick. Those who are benevolent will establish people if they want to establish themselves, and they will reach people if they want to reach them. It can be said that the prescription for benevolence has been taken.

The Analects of Yongye).

Zigong said, "What if someone could give grace to the masses and give to the people? Can it be considered benevolent?

Confucius said, "Not only a benevolent man, but also a saint!" Even Yao Shun is still difficult to do.

As for benevolence, it means that you want to stand in society and help others to stand together; I want to be able to do everything, and I also help others to do it together. Being able to compare one's heart with one's heart and push oneself to others in everything can be said to be the way to practice benevolence. ”

Original text] Zi said: "His body is upright, and he does not give orders; His body is not right, although he does not obey orders. "The Analects of the Sub-Path").

Confucius said: "[The rulers] themselves behave well, and even if they do not give orders, the people will consciously obey them; If he himself behaves improperly, even if he gives a mandatory order, the people will not obey it. ”

The quotations of the pre-Qin princes are as follows:

1. The time is not as good as the location, and the location is not as good as the people. —Mencius.

Translation: The weather and seasons that are conducive to operations are not as good as the geographical situation that is conducive to operations, and the geographical situation that is conducive to operations is not as good as the aspirations of the people and internal unity in operations.

2. The gentleman is frank and swaying, and the villain is a relative. - Confucius.

Translation: The gentleman is frank, and the villain is a relative. Meaning: A gentleman is broad-minded and able to tolerate others; The villain loves to be calculating and narrow-minded.

3. The friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and the friendship between villains is sweet. - Zhuangzi.

Translation: Because the gentleman has noble sentiments, their friendship is as light as water. The interaction between villains contains a strong utilitarian heart, they build their friendship on the basis of mutual use, on the surface it seems to be "sweet", if the other party can not meet the utilitarian needs, it is easy to break off, and there are only interests between them.

4. I know that I am good at nurturing my heroic spirit. —Mencius.

Translation: I can understand the sentimental tendencies expressed in other people's words, and I am good at cultivating my own heroic spirit.

5. The good is like water, the water is good for all things without fighting, and it is evil for everyone, so it is more than the Tao. - Lao Tzu.

Translation: The highest level of good deeds is like water. Water is good at nourishing all things without competing with all things, and stays in places that no one likes, so it is closest to the "Tao".