The production process and application range of rice paper

Classification: 1. Classification according to processing methods.

Xuan paper can generally be divided into rice paper, base paper and processed paper.

Xuan paper base paper: After the last "baking" process, the paper properties (good or bad and ink color effect) have been basically determined, and the finished paper that "does not affect the paper properties in the future" is the base paper of rice paper.

Processed paper: paper that is reprocessed on the basis of base paper to change the properties of the paper surface, appearance and visual effect (excluding "cutting for size only").

2. Classification according to the degree of ink leakage on the paper.

Xuan paper is divided into raw xuan, semi-cooked xuan, and cooked xuan.

The simple way to distinguish between raw Xuan and cooked Xuan is to contact the paper surface with water, and the moisture is immediately dispersed is raw Xuan, and the condensation is basically unchanged, that is, cooked Xuan, and the slower speed is semi-cooked Xuan.

3. Classification according to raw materials.

It can be divided into three categories: cotton, net leather and special net.

Cotton refers to the paper with a sandalwood content of about 40%, which is thinner and lighter.

Net skin refers to the sandalwood bark content of more than 60%.

The content of sandalwood bark, the raw material of special clean skin, reaches more than 80%.

4. Classification according to specifications.

It can be divided into three feet, four feet, five feet, six feet, eight feet, and zhang.

Second, there are more than six kinds of zhang.

5. Classification according to thickness.

It can be divided into tie flower, continuous, single xuan, heavy single, clamp xuan, two layers, multi-layer, etc.

6. Classification according to paper pattern.

It can be divided into single silk road, double silk road, rib pattern, turtle pattern, special and so on.

Uses: 1. For workmanship.

2. The commonly used is Shengxuan, and water absorption is its universality.

3. When calligraphy, the ink left on the rice paper will seep into the handwriting, and there is a sense of proximity, which can not be done on ordinary white paper.

4. Due to the water absorption and infiltration of rice paper, Chinese painting can reflect the sense of layering.

5. Rice paper can be framed.

6. The anti-destructiveness of rice paper is much better than that of RMB, and high-quality rice paper can be stored in the air for hundreds of years. That's why we are fortunate to see the ink treasures of the ancients today.

(1) According to the processing method of rice paper, there are three types of rice paper: raw Xuan, cooked Xuan, and semi-cooked Xuan.

1.The categories of Shengxuan include Jiagong, Jade Edition, Jingpi, Shan Xuan, Mianlian, etc. Shengxuan is not processed, the water absorption and water wetting are strong, easy to produce rich ink rhyme changes, with the line of splashing ink method, ink accumulation method, can collect water halo ink seal, rich Huazi artistic effect.

Freehand landscapes use it more. Although Shengxuan's painting is interesting, it is determined when the pen is written, and the ink penetrates quickly, which is not easy to master.

This is the diffusion change after a drop of ink is placed on the shengxuan.

2.Cooked Xuan is coated with alum and so on during processing, so the paper is harder than raw Xuan, and the water absorption ability is weak, so that the ink and color will not be scattered when used. Therefore, the characteristics make Shu Xuan suitable for painting brush strokes rather than ink freehand paintings.

The disadvantage is that it will appear for a long time"Leaky alum"or brittle. Cooked Xuan can be reprocessed, coral, mica paper, cold gold, wine gold, wax gold ribs, peach tiger skin, etc. are all reprocessed by the cooked Xuan color paper.

3.Semi-cooked Xuan is also processed from raw Xuan, and its water absorption capacity is between the first two"Jade version of Xuan"This is the case.

2) According to the variety of rice paper and the proportion of raw materials, it can be divided into three categories: cotton, net skin, and special net;

1.Generally speaking, cotton rice paper refers to the raw material is mainly straw, sandalwood content in about 40 paper, thinner, lighter, soft, soft, moist, suitable for general painting and calligraphy, but the paper is thin, should not be too heavy.

For beginners, it is simply said: thin paper is suitable for painting, thick paper is suitable for writing; Shan Xuanyi painting, clipping Xuanyi book. But not absolutely, there is also personal preference.

Paper selection: The selection of rice paper, there should be a certain amount of paper knowledge, generally speaking, should pay attention to the following points:

1) See--good paper is not necessarily white, too white means that there are too many brighteners, which is not conducive to long-term storage; Paper white but not dazzling, soft reflection; There should be no grass stalks, sand grains, cracks, holes, or other attachments.

2) Feel - smooth, delicate, uniform thickness, smooth and resistant.

3) Shake the paper - soft but not brittle. If there is a loud sound and a stiff hand, it is by no means a good paper.

4) Dip the ink test paper - good paper reaction: eat the ink quickly, spread evenly, the ink edge is not jagged, and then point the second time, the ink is clearly layered, the ink is clear, and there is a fine white mark in the middle of the two ink spots.

Raw Xuan and Cooked Xuan.

Shengxuan is used to draw freehand and write.

Familiar Xuan is used to draw gongbi strokes.

The raw material of rice paper is mainly sandalwood, and the ingredients are agricultural products such as straw. Xuan paper is divided into base paper and processed paper according to the processing method. According to the degree of ink on the paper, it is divided into raw Xuan, semi-cooked Xuan and cooked Xuan.

Calligraphy and freehand painting use raw Xuan, Gongbi painting uses familiar Xuan. According to the ratio of raw materials, it is divided into three categories: cotton, net leather and special net skin.

In 2006, the rice paper making technique was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. In 2009, it was recognized by UNESCO and inscribed on the list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity.

The main raw materials of rice paper are sandalwood bark and sand field straw, these two materials are after many years of papermaking technicians, skilled craftsmen and craftsmen continue to screen out the varieties, and its products have also passed the test of time, today, these two raw materials basically have an irreplaceable status.

Xuan paper is a traditional Chinese classical painting and calligraphy paper, and is one of the traditional papermaking crafts of the Han nationality. Xuan paper "began in the Tang Dynasty and was produced in Jing County", because Jing County in the Tang Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Xuanzhou Prefecture, so it was named Xuan Paper, which has a history of more than 1,500 years. In 2002, Jing County was identified by the state as the origin of rice paper.

Because rice paper is easy to preserve, durable and not brittle, will not fade and other characteristics, it has the reputation of "paper longevity for thousands of years". The raw materials of rice paper are agricultural products such as sandalwood and straw. Xuan paper is divided into base paper and processed paper according to the processing method.

According to the degree of ink on the paper, it is divided into raw Xuan, semi-cooked Xuan and cooked Xuan. Cooked Xuan is the use of special reprocessing technology to form more varieties of processed rice paper, mainly divided into wax Xuan, alum Xuan, color Xuan, color Xuan and so on more than 100 kinds. Calligraphy and freehand painting use raw Xuan, Gongbi painting uses familiar Xuan.

According to the ratio of raw materials, it is divided into three categories: cotton, net leather and special net skin. According to the size, there are four feet, five feet, six feet, seven feet gold list, eight feet screen, eight feet, and zhang.

2. Zhang6; According to the silk road, there are single silk road, double silk road, rib pattern, turtle pattern, etc. Xuan paper products include plain white albums, printed scores, letterheads, antique couplets and so on.

The process of making rice paper.

The production of rice paper is made of elm deciduous tree green sandalwood bark and selected sandfield straw as raw materials, and it is made into leather pulp and grass pulp respectively, and then mixed in different proportions, added with kiwi vine juice made of paper medicine, copied out of different varieties of rice paper.

There are more than 100 processes in the whole production process, and to master this complex set of skills, it is necessary not only to rely on the inheritance between master and apprentice, but also to rely on the long-term practice and understanding of the producers themselves.

Before making rice paper, it has to go through a leather production process and a forage production process. Among them, leather production mainly refers to the processing of paper-making raw materials such as sandalwood fiber. The forage production process is mainly the processing of grass fibers such as rice grass, which includes about 20 small processes, such as grass selection, grass cutting, pounding, repeated cooking and sun drying, etc., until finally bleached into grass fiber.

After these two processes are completed, the ingredients can be used to make rice paper, that is, the sandalwood fiber material and the grass fiber material can be mixed in a certain proportion. Different types of paper products required, the proportion of the preparation will be different, and the prepared materials need to be screened, beaten, washed, etc., and finally made into a mixed pulp.

The materials used to make rice paper are: sandalwood bark and sand straw.

The raw materials of rice paper are mainly green sandalwood bark and Shatian straw, and the straw is the best in Jingxian high-quality Shatian long-stalk indica rice, because this straw is more fibrous than ordinary straw, not perishable, and easy to bleach. A piece of rice paper must go through 18 processes such as soaking, ash masking, cooking, bleaching, pulping, water fishing, gluing, and flooding, and it can be made after one year.

Sandalwood bark:

Sandalwood has strong germination power, rich in fiber in branch bark, high-quality stem bark, tough and easy to peel, and is a high-quality raw material for making rice paper. Most of the mountainous areas in Jing County belong to karst mountains, which are suitable for the growth of sandalwood trees. The sandalwood produced here has the characteristics of tender cortex, uniform and rich fiber, easy refining and high pulping rate, and its cell preparation and cultivation wall cavity is large, the surface of the cell wall is wrinkled, and the adsorption is strong, which is the main reason for the excellent ink moistening performance of rice paper.

Sha Tin Straw: Straw, the stem of rice, generally refers to the threshed rice stalk. The most suitable soil for the growth of Shatian rice is yellow-brown soil, limestone soil, coarse bone soil and paddy soil, and Jingxian, Jingde, Xuancheng and other places are mostly these soils, and the Shatian straw produced has become a high-quality rice paper raw material.

The central part of Jing County is an alluvial plain with high soil and sand content, which is suitable for planting long-stem rice, which is flexible straw, uniform fiber, high pulp formation rate, low degree of lignification, and easy to refine.

The production process of rice paper is extremely complex, roughly divided, which can be divided into six processes, such as material selection, pulping, paper scooping, paper drying, inspection and paper cutting, all of which are handmade.

The types of rice paper include raw xuan, cooked xuan, and semi-cooked xuan.

During the Tang Tianbao period, among the tributes transported to the capital Chang'an from all over the country, there were paper, pens and other tributes in the ships of Xuancheng County, which shows that Xuancheng County had produced paper and pens at that time. Xuan paper is a unique handicraft in China, with the characteristics of toughness, smooth and jade, no moth, no decay, and ever-changing ink rhyme, enjoying the reputation of millennium paper, and is known as a national treasure.

Painting with rice paper inscription, the ink rhyme is clear, the layers are clear, the backbone is inclusive, the momentum is beautiful, thick but not muddy, light but not gray, its words and paintings, leaping on the paper, the spirit is flying, and the eyes are shining. In August 2002, Xuan Paper was successfully approved as a national geographical indication protection product.

Features of rice paper:

Xuan paper has good ink wetting, durability and aging resistance, and is not easy to change color. Xuan paper has the characteristics of toughness and moistening, light but not slippery, white and dense, pure texture, non-destructive rubbing and folding, strong ink wetting, etc., and has unique penetration and lubrication properties. Writing and painting are divided into five colors, that is, one stroke is completed, the depth and shade are visible, the texture is visible, the ink rhyme is clear, and the layers are clear.

Less moth-eaten and long-lived. Since ancient times, Xuan paper has been known as the king of paper. According to the ratio of raw materials, rice paper is divided into three categories, namely special net leather, net leather, and cotton, and can also be proportioned according to the contract requirements or the special requirements of the producer.

The quality grade of rice paper is divided into genuine and sub-brand (excellent and qualified products), and the green sandalwood bark grows in the karst mountainous and hilly areas of Jing County and the surrounding areas, and the bast tissue of the shoots is uniform, the fiber is even, and the bast tissue of the shoots is about three years old.