What is a starter What are the starters I have seen in my life

What is a starter: The starter is divided into direct current starter, gasoline starter, compressed air starter, etc. according to the working principle. Most of the internal combustion engines are DC-electric starters, which are characterized by their compact structure, simple operation and easy maintenance.

The gasoline starter is a small gasoline engine with a clutch and transmission mechanism, which is powerful and less affected by temperature, can start a large internal combustion engine, and is suitable for alpine regions. There are two types of compressed air starters, one is to drive the compressed air into the cylinder in the working order, and the other is to use an air motor to drive the flywheel. The purpose of compressed air starters is close to that of gasoline starters, and they are usually used to start large internal combustion engines.

The DC starter is composed of a DC series motor, a control mechanism and a clutch mechanism. It is designed to start the engine and requires a lot of torque, so the amount of current to pass through is high, reaching several hundred amperes. The torque of the DC motor is large at low speed, and the torque gradually decreases when the speed is high, which is very suitable for starter.

The starter adopts a DC series motor, and the rotor and stator parts are wound with relatively thick rectangular cross-section copper wire; The driving mechanism adopts a reduction gear structure; The control mechanism adopts electromagnetic magnetic suction mode.

What is common in life is the car starter.

The starter is actually a battery that drives the motor to work, and the power of the motor is transmitted to the engine until the engine achieves the effect of starting. As we all know, the starting of the engine needs the support of external forces, and the car starter is playing this role. Broadly speaking, the starter uses three components to realize the entire starting process.

The DC motor introduces the current from the battery and causes the driving gear of the starting chain to produce mechanical movement; The transmission mechanism meshes the drive gear into the flywheel ring gear, and at the same time, it can automatically disengage after the engine starts; The starter circuit is switched on and off by an electromagnetic switch. Among them, the electric motor is the main component inside the starter, and its working principle is the energy conversion process based on Ampere's law that we are exposed to in junior high school physics, that is, the action of the energized conductor in the magnetic field. The electric motor includes the necessary components such as armatures, commutators, magnetic poles, brushes, bearings, and housings.

Before the engine can run on its own power, it must be rotated with the help of external force of the shed crack. The process of the engine transitioning from a stationary state to being able to run on its own with the help of external force is called engine starting. There are three commonly used starting modes for starting source difference machines: manual starting, auxiliary gasoline engine starting and electric starting.

Manpower start adopts the way of rope pulling or hand cranking, simple but inconvenient, and labor intensity, only suitable for some low-power engines, and is only retained as a backup mode in some cars; Auxiliary gasoline engine starting is mainly used in high-power diesel engines; The electric starting method is easy to operate, quick to start, has the ability to start repeatedly, and can be controlled from a distance, so it is widely adopted by modern automobiles. @2019

The starting system converts the energy of the electric pants into mechanical energy stored in the battery, and a starter must be used to achieve this conversion. The function of the starter is to generate power from the DC motor, and the engine crankshaft is driven to rotate through the transmission mechanism, so as to realize the start of the engine. The starting system consists of the following components:

Battery, ignorance switch (starting switch), starter assembly, Huxin starting relay, etc. 2. Principle: The process of the engine transitioning from a stationary state to being able to run on its own with the help of external force is called the starting of the engine.

There are three commonly used starting modes of engine: manual starting, auxiliary gasoline engine starting and electric starting.

Modern starters are composed of three parts: an electric motor, a transmission mechanism and a control device.

The motor used in the starter is a DC series motor, which converts the electrical energy input from the lead-acid battery into mechanical energy and generates torque.

The transmission mechanism is mainly composed of a transmission sleeve, a one-way clutch, a drive gear, etc. Its function is to transfer the electromagnetic torque of the motor armature to the engine flywheel to start the engine when starting. After the engine starts, it can automatically skid immediately to prevent the engine flywheel from driving the starter to rotate at high speed due to the failure of the starter switch to be released in time, resulting in the starter "scattering" accident.

The control device, also known as the solenoid switch, is used to turn the starting current on or off, and to make the driving pinion mesh in or out of the flywheel tooth ring.

The main parts of the starter are:

Rear end cap. It supports and protects the brush holder and the rotor and stator.

Solenoid switches. The current is turned on, and the one-way device slides back and forth through the fork.

Fork. Control the one-way device to slide back and forth. There is also a deceleration mechanism for the deceleration starter.

Front cover. Support other components.

One-way device. Drive the engine ring gear. One-way override slip after engine start, protecting rotors and carbon brushes.

Stator assembly. A driving magnetic field is provided for the rotor.

Rotor assembly. The core component of the motor, which provides rotational power to the one-way device.

Brush holder assembly. The commutation current is supplied to the rotor via carbon brushes.

The starter is the core component of the starting system. The starter is composed of three parts: DC series motor, transmission mechanism and control device.

1-electromagnetic switch, 2-contact, 3-battery binding post, 4-moving contact, 5-front end cover, 6-brush spring, 7-commutator, 8-brush, 9-casing, 10-magnetic pole, 11-armature, 12-magnetic field winding, 13-guide ring, 14-thrust ring, 15-one-way clutch, 16-armature shaft, 17-drive gear, 18-transmission mechanism, 19-brake disc, 20-meshing spring, 21-fork, 22-movable core, 23-return spring, 24-solenoid switch.

Although the starters used in different types of automobiles have different forms, their DC motors are basically similar, and the main difference is that the transmission mechanism and control devices are different.

1) The function of the DC series motor is to convert the electrical energy input from the battery into mechanical energy to generate electromagnetic torque.

2) The transmission mechanism is also known as the starter clutch and mesh. The function of the transmission mechanism is to make the pinion on the starter shaft mesh into the flywheel tooth ring when the engine starts, and transmit the torque of the starter to the engine crankshaft; After the engine starts, the starter pinion and the flywheel tooth ring can be automatically disengaged.

3) The control device is also known as the starter switch. The function of the control unit is to turn on and off the circuit between the motor and the battery, and at the same time to connect and disconnect the additional resistors of the ignition coil.

DC series electric motor The electric motor is the power source for starting, which converts the electrical energy of the battery into electromagnetic torque.

Transmission mechanism The transmission mechanism makes the starter realize one-way power transmission, and the electromagnetic torque of the motor attack section is transmitted to the engine flywheel through the reduction planetary gear when starting; When the engine starts, it automatically disconnects the reverse power transmission from the engine to the starter. Shoot bad reputation.

Solenoid switch The solenoid switch is the control mechanism of starting, which is used to control the meshing and separation of the starting drive gear and the engine flywheel and the on/off of the motor circuit.

It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, and can then use mechanical energy to generate kinetic energy, which is used to drive the electrical equipment of other devices. Most electric motors supply energy to the motor through a magnetic field and winding current.

Electric motors (starters) are used in a wide range of applications, from heavy industries to small toys. Different types of motors are chosen in different environments, and here are some examples:

Air equipment, such as electric fans, elevators, underground railways, trams, electric vehicles, automobiles, jets and starter motors, conveyor belts in factories and hypermarkets, electric automatic doors on buses, electric roller shutters;

Optical drives, printers, washing machines, water pumps, disk drives, electric razors, tape recorders, video recorders, CD discs, high-speed lifts, machine tools (such as machine tools), textile machines, mixers.

Principle. The principle of rotation of the starter is based on the Flemin left-handed rule or the right-handed open palm rule, when a wire is placed in a magnetic field, if the wire is connected with a current, the wire will cut the magnetic field line to make the wire move. A device in which an electric current enters the coil to generate a magnetic field, and a device that uses the magnetic effect of the current to make the electromagnet rotate continuously in a fixed magnet can convert electrical energy into kinetic energy.

Interacts with a permanent magnet or a magnetic field generated by another set of coils to generate power.

There are many types of starters, and in terms of basic structure, their composition is mainly composed of stator and rotor. The stator is stationary in space, while the rotor rotates around the shaft and is supported by bearings. There is an air gap (air gap) between the stator and the rotor to ensure that the rotor can rotate freely.

The casing (field yoke) needs to be made of a material with high permeability and is to be used as a magnetic circuit.

The principle of a DC motor is that the stator does not move, and the rotor moves in the direction of the force generated by the interaction. In the AC motor, the stator winding coil is connected with alternating current to generate a rotating magnetic field, which attracts the rotor to rotate together.