What is the advantage of Goryeo Why did the Sui Dynasty fail to win it on three expeditions?

In the first century AD, when the northern part of Korea was still under the rule of the Han Dynasty, a Buyeo tribe from Donghu established a kingdom in the Jilin region, and one of the royal family members, Jumeng, lost the power struggle and fled to northern Liaoning to establish the Kingdom of Goguryeo. In the 6th century, the Goguryeo kingdom reached its peak. By the end of the 6th century, the Korean Peninsula was already in a three-legged pattern, with Goguryeo in the north and Baekje and Silla in the south.

The Sui and Tang dynasties were allies of Silla.

Although the Sui Dynasty only existed for 38 years, he attacked Goguryeo a total of 4 times. During the period of Emperor Wen of Sui, because Goguryeo Lian and Yan Yan invaded the frontier of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen sent 300,000 troops to the north to attack Goguryeo. However, because Goguryeo admitted his mistake in time and sent an ambassador to sue for peace, the words were more pleasant.

Moreover, a plague broke out within the Sui Dynasty army, and the grain and grass were not available, which led to the temporary suspension of the Northern Expedition. In the period of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, Goguryeo's wings were stiff, and he actually regarded himself as a big agricultural and pastoral country, and did not pay tribute to the Sui Dynasty, which seriously damaged the original tributary system and damaged the face of the Sui Dynasty.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty conquered Goguryeo three times, firstly, to teach Goguryeo a lesson and teach him how to behave, and secondly, to deter the domestic gate lord aristocratic group. However, Emperor Yang of Sui conquered three times, but all of them ended in failure. Goguryeo dared to confront the Sui Dynasty with confidence.

It itself has a vast grain-producing area, that is, the black soil of the northeast, with a changeable terrain, mainly mountainous and a cold climate. These are all natural environmental advantages that Goguryeo can rely on. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, in order to get rid of the constraints of the clan of the gate lords and scholars on his rule, had to build up military merits by attacking Goguryeo to deter these people.

The biggest problem of sending troops from the Central Plains to attack Goguryeo was the long distance, and it was necessary to bypass the entire Bohai Bay in order to enter the territory of Goguryeo.

Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty had to requisition twice the number of people in the army to transport grain. When Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty invaded Goguryeo in the first time, the number of troops was 1.13 million, and the number of people was more than 2 million, so the entire Sui Dynasty had to pay for the supply of military food for 3 million people. A rebellion of the people is already on the verge of a rebellion.

With so many people to eat, it put serious pressure on the logistical supply lines, and when the farming was busy, both male laborers were conscripted as laborers, resulting in the desolation of a large number of fields, and the three conquests of Goguryeo became the last straw that crushed the Sui Dynasty. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty also requisitioned a large number of laborers to build warships for him, and the people of Shandong soaked in the sea every day, and they were soaked in the sea, which was also the reason for the first peasant uprising on the Shandong Peninsula.

The advantage of Goryeo is that it is geographically superior, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and the reason why Goryeo was not captured was because the military strength of the Sui Dynasty was not strong, and it was an expedition.

In the Middle Ages, when the weather was snowy in September and the territory was mountainous due to the many rivers and mountains, the logistical supplies for the expeditions to Goryeo were often interrupted by poor sea and land roads. As a result, the lone army was outside, and it was easy to be in danger, and it was wiped out by the Goryeo regiment that defended in depth.

The terrain of Goguryi was too dangerous, the army of poor mountains and mountains could not be used, and Emperor Yang of Sui blindly commanded during the expedition, these factors led to the failure of the three expeditions of Goguryi.

In 612 AD, the first expedition to Goryeo began, and the morale of the soldiers was low due to the long march. On the way to the battle, some of them threw away all the heavy food, and when they were short of food, they could no longer persist in the battle, so they had to retreat. On the way, he encountered an ambush by the Goryeo army, and was defeated.

It is rumored that only 2,000 or 3,000 of the 300,000 people returned. The first expedition failed. In the second year, Emperor Yang of Sui sent troops again, and just when Liaodong City was about to be breached, Yang Xuangan, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, rebelled, and Luoyang was besieged by heavy troops.

When Emperor Yang of Sui heard the news, he hurriedly retreated to rescue Luoyang. Military supplies and camp tent lamps were discarded on the front line. The second time the troops were forced to withdraw.

At this time, the world will be in turmoil, and the dynasty has shown signs of defeat. But Emperor Yang of Sui ignored this, and in 613, launched a third war against Goryeo. This time near Pyongyang, the Sui Dynasty's naval army defeated the Goryeo army, and the Goryeo king Gao Yuan sent an envoy to surrender, and Emperor Yang of Sui returned to the court.

The first three large-scale attacks on Goryeo were aimed at pacifying the frontiers and completing the great cause of reunification. However, the war was quite costly, provoked the people to revolt, and indirectly led to the demise of the Sui Dynasty.

The reason why Sui Xiao quietly fought Goryeo for a long time:

1. Due to the topography of the Liaodong Peninsula, it is easy to defend and difficult to attack;

2. The Goguryeo people were cunning and treacherous, taking advantage of the arrogant mentality of the emperor of the Sui Dynasty to deliberately paralyze the Sui army, and then used the sneak attack to deal a huge blow to the Sui army;

3. The roads are muddy and muddy, and the army's supply is unsustainable, and the army's logistics are unsustainable due to internal reasons;

4. The weather in Liaodong is bitter and cold, and there are few opportunities suitable for combat, and it is difficult to quickly end the war and lease dispute against Goguryeo.