What is the way sex hormones enter the cell membrane

Sex hormone. into the cell membrane.

The way is free diffusion.

The diffusion of a substance from the high-concentration side through the plasma membrane to the low-concentration side does not require a carrier and does not consume energy. The free diffusion rate of a substance is related to the degree of fat solubility of the substance, the difference in solute concentration between the two sides of the membrane, the size of the solute molecule and the properties of the charge. Due to lipids.

The bilayer forms the basic backbone of the plasma membrane, and fat-soluble substances can be dissolved in the membrane lipids, so they can preferentially pass through the cell membrane to enter and exit the cell.

Some water-soluble inorganic ions can also enter and exit the cell by free diffusion, which is not only affected by the concentration gradient, but also by the properties of the charge; Positively charged.

ions are more likely to enter the cell, while negatively charged ions are more difficult to enter the cell.

Sex hormones are small molecule substances, fat-soluble, mainly through free diffusion (passive transport) into the cell, bind to the cytoplasmic receptor, form a hormone-cytoplasmic receptor complex, through conformational changes and heat shock protein dissociation to obtain the ability to enter the nucleus, and transfer from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, the hormone binds to the nuclear receptor, forming a hormone-nuclear receptor complex, thereby stimulating the transcription process of DNA, generating specific mRNA, and then entering the cytoplasm, translating in the ribosome to form proteins, and exerting biological effects.

Freely diffused, sex hormones belong to small molecule lipids.

Answer] :d Question 8: It mainly assesses the candidate's understanding of the structure, properties and forms of action of signaling molecules.

There are a variety of signaling molecules with different properties in the body, and their modes of action are also different. Hormones that are used by cell membrane receptors are usually protein-based hormones. Insulin is a protein molecule that works by binding to insulin receptors on the surface of cells.

Sex hormones, glucocorticoids, and active vitamin D are all steroid hormones that can pass through the cell membrane and enter the cytoplasm to slow down the reintegration with their receptors. Thyroxine is an amino acid derivative hormone, and its receptor is quietly in the cytoplasm. The exact answer to this question is d.

Question 9: It mainly assesses the candidate's understanding of the physiological functions of various hormones. Thyroxine promotes energy metabolism and is involved in maintaining the body's basal metabolic rate.

Other hormones do not directly affect energy metabolism. The exact answer to this question is C.

Hormones act on cells. There are two main ways:

1.It acts on receptors on the surface of the cell membrane to cause intracellular chemical changes, and acts on the nucleus through the second messenger to regulate gene expression.

2.It enters the cell and enters the nucleus, directly acting on genes and regulating gene expression.

In terms of mode of action, animals and plants are the same.

a. Sex hormones are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and their synthesis is related to biofilms, a correct;

b. The biofilm system includes the cell membrane, the nuclear membrane and the organelle membrane, which is not a general term for all the membranes in the object, such as the mesentery does not belong to the biofilm, b is wrong;

c. The structural characteristics of biofilms are that they have a certain fluidity, and most of the protein molecules that form biofilms are movable, and C is correct;

d. The biofilm is mainly composed of phospholipid molecules and protein molecules, and solvents and proteases that can dissolve lipids will destroy the nuclear membrane

Therefore, b

Hormones are synthesized and secreted in the cell and secreted outside the cell, and exocytosis is effected.

The main modes of delivery are: remote secretion, hormone release directly into the capillaries, through the blood circulation to the distant target organs; Paracrine, hormones released into the extracellular fluid and through diffusion to neighboring target cells; Nerve secretion, hormones synthesized by nerve cells are transported along axoplasmic flow to connected tissues, or released from nerve endings into capillaries, and transported from the blood to target cells; Autocrine, hormones are secreted into the extracellular fluid and then act on the secretory cells themselves.

Hormones with different structures have different synthesis pathways. Peptide hormones are generally synthesized in the ribosomes of secretory cells through the translation process, which is basically similar to the protein synthesis process, and is stored in small particles of the intracellular Golgi apparatus after synthesis and released under suitable conditions. Amine hormones and steroid hormones are synthesized in secretory cells, mainly through a series of characteristic enzymatic reactions.

The former category of substrates is amino acids, and the latter category is cholesterol.

That's right... It must be right ...

The hormones produced by cells are produced by the endoplasmic reticulum... The endoplasmic reticulum is a biofilm.