What is the content of the Nine Power Pact?

I think it's more straightforward to ask an encyclopedia like this.

The United States, Britain, Belgium, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Portugal and ChinaBeiyang Warlord**The "Nine-Power Pact" was signed at the Washington Conference. The full name is the "Treaty of the Nine Nations on the Principles and Policies Applicable to the Round Banquet in China".

At the time of Yan Huiqing's cabinet, China sent Shi Zhaoji and Gu Weijun.

Wang Chonghui and the three were plenipotentiary representatives, Yu Rizhang and Jiang Menglin were the national representatives, and Zhu Foding was the secretary, and a huge delegation of more than 130 people attended the meeting. Originally, it was planned that Wu Chaoshu, vice minister of foreign affairs in Guangzhou, would be represented by Sun Yat-sen.

Not recognizing Beijing**.

The request for self-dispatch failed, but Wu Chaoshu did not go.

There were two main items on the agenda of the Washington Conference: first, the issue of limiting naval armaments; The second is the Pacific and Far East issues. Two committees were formed for this purpose:

The Commission on the Limitation of Armaments "is composed of the five naval powers, Britain, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy; The "Committee on Pacific and Far East Issues" was attended by representatives of nine countries, and the two committees held separate discussions. The main outcomes of the conference included three important treaties: the Four-Power Treaty and the Five-Power Naval Treaty

Nine-Power Pact. These three conventions are collectively known as the Washington Treaty.

Background

The Washington Conference adopted the Nine-Power Pact.

1919 Paris Peace Conference.

Since then, the contradictions between the United States and Japan have become increasingly acute because of the competition for interests in China.

In 1921, the United States was anxious to change Japan's dominant situation in China, dismantle the Anglo-Japanese alliance, and isolate Japan.

During the meeting, the Chinese side proposed the withdrawal of tariff autonomy, the abolition of consular jurisdiction, the withdrawal of foreign troops stationed in China, and the resumption of concessions and leased land, but they were all rejected.

The Nine-Power Pact is the Nine-Power Treaty on the Principles and Policies Applicable to the Matter in China. Quiet.

The treaty stipulates: "Respect China's sovereignty and independence and territorial and administrative integrity" At the conference, China proposed to abolish the "21 Articles", recover the sovereignty of Shandong, and abolish the sphere of influence and all privileges of foreign countries in China; "to exert all kinds of power with a view to establishing and maintaining the principle of equal opportunity for business in all the territory of China".

The core of the pact is to affirm the principle of "open door and equal opportunity" proposed by the United States in China, and to give it the character of an international agreement, limiting Japan's ambition to monopolize China.

Impact: The Nine-Power Pact was essentially a joint rule over China established by the imperialist powers on the basis of the superiority of the United States. This deepened China's semi-colonial status.

On February 6, 1922, the United States, Britain, Belgium, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Portugal and the Chinese Beiyang warlords** signed the "Nine-Power Pact" at the Washington ConferenceThe full name is the "Nine-Power Treaty on the Application of Principles and Policies to the China Incident."

The treaty stipulates the "principle" of "maintaining equal opportunities for commerce and industry in all countries in China" and "opening the door of China".This treaty is a flagrant violation of China's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. This treaty curbed Japan's monopoly on China during the war, and replaced it with the United States as the leader and the British and Japanese imperialists jointly controlling the aggressive situation in China.

It was not until after World War II, when the United States had established a monopoly in China, that the "open door" policy was abandoned.

Legal basis: Article 1 of the Treaty of the Nine States on the Principles and Policies to be Applied to Matters in China Article 1 The bourgeoisie and their ** people in the Contracting States except China. Finches do.

Legal Analysis: The Nine-Power Pact, the full name of which is the Nine-Power Treaty on the Application of Principles and Policies to the Matter in China. From November 12, 1921 to February 6, 1922, the United States, Britain, Japan, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal, and China held an international conference in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States.

Legal basis: Treaty of the Nine Countries on Principles and Policies Concerning the Proper Credit of the China Affair Article 4 The Contracting States shall not sponsor any agreement between the Contracting States that intends to establish a sphere of influence in a designated area of China or to have an opportunity for mutual exclusivity.

The essence of the Nine-Power Pact is that it has restored China to the situation of joint domination by several imperialist powers, and has broken the situation in which Japan has dominated China. d.The great powers jointly dominate China.

The Nine-Power Pact was the culmination of the long-sought open door of the United States, which prevented Japan's attempt to dominate China and maintained the situation in which several imperialist countries jointly dominated China.

Explanation of answer D: The expression of items A and B is wrong, and the expression of item C is reasonable, but it is not the essence of the "Nine-Power Pact", which has restored China to the situation of joint domination by several imperialist powers, and broken the situation of Japan's monopoly on China.

dThe great powers jointly dominate China.

Main contents: 1. Agreements of the Contracting States other than China:

1. Respect China's sovereignty and independence, as well as its territorial and administrative integrity.

2. To give China a completely unhindered opportunity to develop and maintain a strong and consolidated power.

3. To exercise the power of each country with a view to establishing and maintaining the principle of equal opportunities for commerce and industry in all the territory of China.

4. The rights of the people of friendly countries shall not be reduced by taking advantage of the situation in China to seek special rights, and shall not reward acts that are harmful to the security of friendly countries.

2. The Contracting Parties shall not enter into treaties or agreements or agreements or understandings with any one or more States individually or jointly with each other and individually or jointly that would infringe upon or prejudice the principles referred to in article 1.

(3) For the purpose of applying the principle of open doors in China or equal opportunities for business and business among all countries, the Contracting Parties, with the exception of China, shall not seek or sponsor their own people in the Treaty.

(4) The Contracting Parties shall not sponsor any agreement between the peoples of each State which purports to establish spheres of influence in designated areas of China or to provide opportunities for the exclusive use of each other.

5. The Contracting Powers shall be under the same obligation except China with respect to any assignment or special treaty or other formality of the Railways of China which shall be subject to any assignment or special treaty or other formalities in which each country or its people may exercise any of its right of administration.

6. The Contracting Powers, with the exception of China, agree that in the event of hostilities, China shall fully respect China's right to neutrality if it does not join the warband. China declares that it is willing to abide by its obligations of neutrality in the event of neutrality.