Comparison of the Three Models of Corporate Governance Background Specific Cases 50

In the developed countries of the West, there is the board-centric model of Shencong and the United States, the dualistic governance model of Germany, and the internal governance structure model of Japan. In British and American companies, the highest authority of the company is the shareholders' meeting. However, the equity ratio of Zheng Li, a U.S.-British company, is scattered, and the board of directors is the spokesperson of shareholders.

A central question throughout the history of the board system in the United Kingdom and the United States is how to ensure that the board of directors is centered on the interests of shareholders. Based on this premise, Anglo American has set up a series of professional committees under the board of directors, including the Finance Committee, the Long-term Strategy Committee, the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Nomination Committee, the Corporate Governance Committee, etc. The Board of Directors ensures the correctness of the Company's business direction through collective decision-making, while the professional committees play a supervisory role over the Board of Directors under the leadership of the Board of Directors.

The board of directors of a German company is a typical two-tier structure, that is, the decision-making control of the board of directors is exercised by the supervisory board and the management board of directors. The Board of Supervisors is composed of shareholder representatives and employee representatives, and its duties are to exercise supervisory powers, appoint and dismiss directors, and supervise and manage whether the Board of Directors operates in accordance with the Articles of Association. In Germany, the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Board are completely separated, and the members of the Board of Directors are elected and removed by the Supervisory Board.

An important feature of German corporate governance that distinguishes it from that of the United Kingdom and the United States is the participation of employees in decision-making. German law stipulates that in companies with more than 500 employees, the number of employee representatives in the supervisory board shall not be less than 1 3 of the total number of employeesFor companies with more than 2,000 employees, the number of employee representatives among the members of the board of supervisors shall not be less than 1 2 of the total number.

Japan's corporate governance model has the characteristics of both the German model and the Anglo-American model. In Japanese companies, the board of supervisors and the board of directors are two parallel bodies, and the shareholders' meeting is the highest authority in the company. The members of the Supervisory Board and the Board of Directors are elected by the Shareholders' Meeting.

The Commercial Code of Japan stipulates that auditors supervise the work of directors on behalf of shareholders, and members of the supervisory board cannot be members of the board of directors at the same time, nor can they be employees of the company. Therefore, the board of supervisors of a Japanese company supervises the company's business activities on behalf of the interests of shareholders.

Each company has its own set of governance programs and models, each company due to different types of work, different nature, orange slow difference which head he said that the governance program and model are also different.

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(1) The market monitoring model of Britain and the United States, (2) the internal control model of Germany and Japan, (3) the family control model of East Asia, and (4) the insider control model.

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The formation of corporate governance models of different companies, the reasons behind them, and how to understand them.

We are happy to answer for you: the formation of corporate governance models of different companies, the reasons behind them, and how to understand A: Hello Dear, in the process of participating in global governance, due to its own characteristics and different positions in the international system, three different governance models are reflected

The first is the state-centered governance model. That is, a governance model with sovereign states as the main body of governance. Specifically, it means that sovereign states cooperate with each other through consultation and negotiation to jointly deal with problems in areas of mutual concern and out of consideration of common interests, which in turn leads to a series of international agreements or regulations.

The second is the governance model in limited areas. That is, the governance model with international organizations as the main body of governance. Specifically, it refers to the activities of international organizations in specific fields (such as the economy, the environment, etc.), so that the relevant member states can achieve dialogue and cooperation and seek common interests.

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The corporate governance model, corporate governance, understood in a broad sense, is a science that studies the arrangement of corporate power.

From a narrow point of view, it is a science that is at the level of enterprise ownership, studying how to authorize professional managers and exercising regulatory functions for professional managers to perform their duties.

Based on the professional position of economics, enterprises have two rights: ownership and management rights, and the two are separated. Corporate management is a science built on the "management right level" of the enterprise, which emphasizes the behavior of the enterprise owner authorizing the management right holder, and the management right wheel person taking all business means to achieve the business objectives under the condition of authorization.

Corresponding to this old lease, corporate governance is a science built on the "ownership level" of the enterprise, which emphasizes the scientific authorization to professional managers and the scientific supervision of professional managers.