Why did the Romance of the Three Kingdoms burn Sima Yi and why did Zhuge Liang miscalculate?

It's man's plan, and it's providence!

Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi were both the "leaders" of top wisdom during the Three Kingdoms period, and both of them were strategists. Zhuge Liang was eager to unify the Central Plains, support the Han Dynasty, and returned from Qishan in vain. Sima Yi often held out and attacked with defense, so that the Shu army often had nothing to do.

The Shu army was also often exhausted by grain and grass, and retreated without a fight, which was in the arms of Sima Yi.

Zhuge Liang knows astronomy and geography, but he has no common sense of today! In the battle of burning the upper valley, Zhuge Liang tried his best to finally seize the opportunity to design and successfully lead Sima Yi into the upper valley, thinking that the fire attack plan would undoubtedly win. Unbeknownst to them, the fire in the valley spread, the fire spread to the sky, and the black smoke was so thick that it condensed with the water droplets in the air to form a downpour, so it saved Sima Yi's life.

This astronomical common sense is known to women and children today, and it is not known to those who know astronomy during the Three Kingdoms period at that time, so Zhuge Liang is one move away, and he loses his calculations!

After all, it is **, the author Luo Guanzhong does not know what the formation process of rain is, at least until the success of artificial rainfall, no one can be sure of the formation process of rain, although there have always been relevant speculations.

From a scientific point of view, the storyline of the burning of Sima Yi in the upper valley in **, according to the location written, the season at that time, and the geographical environment, just constituted some of the conditions for the formation of rain. A fire intensified the evaporation of water on the ground, causing a large amount of water vapor to quickly accumulate in the sky above the relatively hot and humid valley, and the water vapor produced by these high temperatures quickly condensed into water when it met the already hot and humid environment at high altitude.

The above is a scientific explanation, but the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is** after all, although it is adapted from history**, it is also **, the battle of the upper valley written in ** is not in history, and it belongs to the author's own fictional plot in order to enrich the content.

Judging from the era in which the author Luo Guanzhong lives and his own military experience, Luo Guanzhong hopes that Liu Bei can unify the Three Kingdoms, which can be seen from many storylines in **, beautifying the three brothers Liu Guan and Zhang, but this is an adaptation of history after all, so the ending cannot deviate from history.

The battle of Shanggu, this paragraph is written as Zhuge Liang's miscalculation, which expresses respect for history, makes the progress of ** conform to the trend of history, and also echoes the will of heaven at the beginning.

This is due to the special geographical location of the upper valley. The upper valley is high on both sides, the middle is low, the entrance is narrow, it is extremely unfavorable for air circulation, once the temperature rises in the valley, the air close to the ground is rapidly heated and expands and rises, and the cold air in the upper layer and the surrounding area shrinks and sinks, forming a strong convection of the valley wind, so there is a phenomenon of strong winds, at the same time, when a large number of hot air currents at the bottom of the valley rise to a certain height, the water vapor in the air condenses into clouds due to the decrease in temperature, and a large amount of smoke and dust produced by the burning of firewood and grass rises to the sky with the air. It also provides an ideal condensation nucleus for water vapor condensation, thereby accelerating the condensation of water vapor. The small droplets in these clouds collided with each other, and the volume gradually increased, eventually leading to a situation where heavy rain poured down, extinguishing the fire in the valley above, and Sima Yi was able to escape.

Four famous works in our country.

One of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

, the author Luo Guanzhong to Zhuge Liang.

and Sima Yi's description is different. In his pen, Zhuge Liang has great wisdom and is worthy of Liu Bei.

"Three visits to the thatched house" invited him out of the mountain, and his astronomy and geography are all-encompassing, and he is a rare talent in the world. And Sima Yi has many negative factors in Luo Guanzhong's pen, such as he is insidious and cunning, full of tricks, and has been Cao Cao since the beginning.

Neglect, obscurity. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are countless wars fought against Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi, so why was the famous Zhuge Liang's burning of Sima Yi blocked by the heavy rain, which was originally a battle that Zhuge Liang was determined to win, but was escaped by Sima Yi, resulting in the tragic ending of Zhuge Liang's bloody death? I think it can be analyzed from the following aspects.

In fact, the main reasons are because of the terrain, fire, alternating between cold and warm air, and water vapor.

condensation and other geographical factors. Based on a certain geography.

According to the analysis of knowledge, Sima Yi's father and son were surrounded by Zhuge Liang in the valley, and suffered a fire, at this time, a large amount of heat suddenly generated by the valley mouth reacted physically with the previous cold air, and the cold and hot air alternated, causing heavy rain to pour. Because the valley mouth is narrow and the hinterland is relatively wide, such terrain is high on both sides and low in the middle, which is not conducive to air circulation. At this time, Zhuge Liang ordered Sima Yi to be burned, the temperature in the valley rose suddenly, the air on the ground was heated and expanded, the cold air on the upper layer contracted and sank, and the smoke and dust produced by the combustion provided convenience for the condensation of water vapor, so it caused a downpour in an instant.

The secondary reason, according to historical records, is that Sima Yi has the appearance of an emperor, and this escape from death is the will of heaven and an ominous omen of the demise of Shu. People don't fight with the sky, and after Zhuge Liang knows the will of heaven, he will naturally not disobey again, so after the miscalculation of the plan to burn Sima Yi, Zhuge Liang did not implement further encirclement and suppression measures against him, but let him escape.

Therefore, to sum up, when Zhuge Liang burned Sima Yi, it suddenly rained heavily from the sky, and there were both human factors and providence factors in it, which was the inevitable result of historical advancement.

When Zhuge Liang burned Sima Yi, it suddenly rained heavily, mainly because of the special geographical location of the upper valley. On both sides of the valley high and low entrance narrow, extremely unfavorable to air circulation, once the domestic **, after the temperature rises, the air close to the ground is rapidly heated and expands and rises, at the same time, when a large number of hot air currents rise to a certain height at the bottom of the valley, the water vapor in the air condenses into clouds due to the decrease in temperature, coupled with a large amount of smoke and dust generated by the burning of firewood and grass, with the air rises to a certain extent, so it will rain, therefore, Zhuge Liang will say that the plan is in the people, and the success is in the sky.

This is affected by the topography and topography of the upper valley, the mouth of the upper valley is narrow, and the hinterland is relatively wide, so that the special terrain makes it difficult for air to circulate. In addition, after setting a fire, a temperature difference is formed between the ground and the sky, and it is extremely easy to rain.

It was just a coincidence that there was a heavy rain due to climatic factors such as topography, alternating cold and warm air, and water vapor condensation. Therefore, it is said that it is up to people to make things happen, and Zhuge Liang's calculation this time is not lost, but after all, the sky does not fulfill people's wishes.

This is added by the author himself for the plot, and there is no such thing in real history.

Zhuge Liang designed to burn Sima Yi's father and son, which is a bridge in the romance, saying that Zhuge Liang set up an ambush in the upper valley, surrounded Sima Yi's army, and set fire. At that time, Sima Yi's father and son were surrounded by the north, and the fire immediately burned in front of him, which can be described as "calling the sky should not be, and the earth is not spiritual", Sima Yi was about to explain the future, who knew that at this time, it suddenly rained heavily and saved Sima Yi's life.

This was also the closest Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was to victory, and soon after he died in Wuzhangyuan, and a few years later, the Shu Kingdom was also destroyed. So, why didn't Zhuge Liang at that time order the arrows to be released?

First of all, Zhuge Liang gave up on his own.

At that time, people still believed in the theory of heaven and man induction, and Zhuge Liang was a scholar of heaven and man, and he was even more convinced of this. At that time, after the heavy rain fell, Zhuge Liang looked up to the sky and sighed:The plan is in the people, the success is in the sky, and it is not strong!

Zhuge Liang is very interested in celestial phenomena, and he must have calculated that it would not rain in the near future before he caught fire, but it rained heavily at a critical moment, so he thought that all this was providential.

Providence cannot be violated!

In other words, Zhuge Liang already thought that it was impossible for him to defeat the Wei State, and in that case, he couldn't kill Sima Yi and Fu Ze, even if he made up the arrows, it wouldn't change anything. In other words, even if Sima Yi is killed, there are still Zhong Hui, Deng Ai and other talents behind him, and the general trend of Shu is gone.

Secondly, it is not possible to make a contribution by firing arrows.

In the upper valley, Zhuge Liang is condescending, although Sima Yi is surrounded, but he still has a large army, and there are rock protrusions under the valley, and there are still many places for Sima Yi to hide. Moreover, after the fire was extinguished by the rain, the smoke was steaming, and the line of sight was not clear.

Moreover, after the rain, the morale of the army on Sima Yi's side was greatly boosted, while the morale of the Shu army was low, and there was no longer the spirit to continue fighting, and there was no point in holding on.

In fact, although the development of history needs to be promoted by important figures, one or two specific people will not be able to determine the development of history. Even if Zhuge Liang could kill Sima Yi, with the national strength of Shu at that time, it would be impossible to defeat Wei.

It was because he felt that this shirt was a chance to be sold in the rain or early sale to Sima Yi, and the weather was particularly bad in heavy rain at that time, so there was no way to guarantee that Sima Yi could be shot to death if he used a bow and arrow, and it was possible to waste a lot of bows and arrows, and Zhuge Liang wanted to attack with fire at that time.

Because the heavy rain will inevitably extinguish the fire, at this time Sima Yi has completed the blind scripture and there is relatively no crisis, so there is no need to release arrows.

Because Kong Ming's team was already in a weak position at that time, if he chose to release arrows at this time, he would expose himself.

Because at that time, he was in a situation where there were fewer enemies, and if Kong Ming released his arrows, he would expose himself.

At that time, he didn't calculate the rain, and then it suddenly rained, Zhuge Liang felt that it should be because of the Mandate of Heaven, so Zhuge Liang resigned himself to fate, so he did not present a pursuit.

Because there are unforeseen circumstances in the sky, it is not something that can be controlled by manpower. So he didn't count.

Because he was not a man of God, the climate was so changeable that he could not have predicted it exactly.

At that time, the reason for not releasing arrows was originally that the strong team was weak, and there were many enemies with few enemies, but the crisis had been lifted by heavy rain, and it was easy to expose yourself if you released arrows.

Because Zhuge Liang's army was much smaller than Sima Yi's, if the shears were released, it would reveal where they were buried, which would lead to a frantic counterattack by Sima Yi's troops.

If Kong Ming suddenly releases arrows, he may expose his strength and let the other party counterattack, and his army will lose morale.

If Zhuge Liang really had a chance to kill Sima Yi, would he let Sima Yi go? The answer is definitely not. So why did Zhuge Liang burn the upper valley, obviously having a chance to get out of one of his strongest opponents, and confirmed that he especially escaped?

In fact, the answer is very simple, because Luo Guanzhong didn't dare to let Zhuge Liang kill Sima Yi, and of course Luo Guanzhong didn't dare to let Sima Yi kill Zhuge Liang, otherwise, Luo Guanzhong would properly become the first person to tamper with history.

Event recap

Zhuge Liang ruled Shu for many years as the prime minister, and he wanted to destroy Wei's desire to complete the domination of the world, but he failed to do so many times, and the big reason was that he had a very strong opponent named Sima Yi. Finally, when Zhuge Liang led the army to the north for the 6th time, Zhuge Liang used his wisdom and wisdom to set a big trap for Sima Yi. Zhuge Liang set up a deadly bait in the upper valley, luring Sima Yi and his son to lead the troops deep into the upper valley, and then ordered the sergeant to fire Sima Yi's army with ten thousand arrows, seeing that Sima Yi was about to become a "crab" roasted by fire, at this time an unexpected heavy rain suddenly fell in the sky, extinguishing the raging fire.

Although the fire has been extinguished at this time, Sima Yi has already lost his troops, and Zhuge Liang, who is in a geographical and personnel advantage, still has a chance to wipe out Sima Yi, but the strange thing is that Zhuge Liang looked up to the sky and sighed, and easily let Sima Yi go, so that Sima Yi was finally able to regroup, but forced Zhuge Liang's army to return to Shu in a hurry, and Zhuge Liang died of illness.

Conclusion of the event

Many people say that the reason why Zhuge Liang let Sima Yi go is because Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi cherish each other and can't bear to really get rid of Sima Yi. The second is because Zhuge Liang is too superstitious, thinking that the reason why this rain came so unexpectedly is because God does not want Sima Yi to die, and Zhuge Liang is unwilling to go against the sky, in fact, this is not the case, if Zhuge Liang is unwilling to act against the sky, how can he want to put down the seven-star lantern to continue his life.

The fact is that Zhuge Liang wants to kill Sima Yi, but unfortunately, in the official history, there is neither the incident of Zhuge Liang burning the upper valley and almost killing Sima Yi, nor the historical fact that Zhuge Liang lived longer than Sima Yi, so Luo Guanzhong did not dare to go against the official history, so he could only fabricate a plot to express his feelings for suppressing Cao Yang Liu.

There is some truth in many of these statements, but I think the most important one is".Zhuge Liang believes that the will of heaven cannot be violated, and the heavy rain from the sky is God's blessing to the Wei country”。Let's break down each of these claims.

Heavy rain from the sky, God bless Dawei:Long before Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei, he expected the outcome of this three-point world. However, after Liu Bei died of illness in the White Emperor City, Zhuge Liang wanted to lead the army to the Northern Expedition, intending to unify the three kingdoms.

In fact, Zhuge Liang seemed to have no choice but to repay the kindness of the first emperor. Now, when Sima Yi was dying for the rest of his life, it rained heavily, and Zhuge Liang naturally thought that this was the will of heaven. As the saying goes, people don't fight with the sky, since Zhuge Liang has learned that the will of heaven is like this, he naturally doesn't want to disobey anymore, so Zhuge Liang just watched Sima Yi leave and was helpless.

Zhuge Liang didn't want to kill Sima Yi:Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi are the pillars of Wei and Shu, in fact, both of them understand this truth, the two are quite sympathetic to each other, both jealous of each other and rely on each other, so Zhuge Liang did not kill Sima Yi with arrows at that time. This is why Zhuge Liang did not want to kill Sima Yi.

Although Zhuge Liang knew in his heart that his plan had made Sima Yi fall into a trap, he was only one step away from killing Sima Yi's father and son. But he felt that this rain was an opportunity given to Sima Yi by God, indicating that God did not want Sima Yi to die now. We know that in ancient times, people believed in such things as "people are doing it, and the sky is watching".

Zhuge Liang thought about it in the burning of Sima Yi:Zhuge Liang was sure that Sima Yi would be burned in this battle: As we all know, Zhuge Liang has always been cautious in his marches, and Zhuge Liang is delicate, and he will definitely be fully prepared for every battle.

This time is naturally no exception, since Zhuge Liang watched the sky, he knew that there would be no rain in the near future, so Zhuge Liang asked the soldiers to prepare more sulfur, dry firewood and other items for incineration. Originally, it was extremely difficult for the soldiers to carry their belongings up the mountain, and in order to be able to annihilate Sima Yi in one fell swoop, it was natural to try not to bring the items that they could not bring. Therefore, the reason why Zhuge Liang did not release the arrow was because he did not have an arrow ready to kill when he came.