What are high temperature superconducting materials???

Something reaches a certain temperature so that the resistance is 0

The research of superconductivity technology is a major topic in contemporary science and technology. With the increasing difficulty of the research and development of "low-temperature" superconducting materials, the research and development of "high-temperature" superconducting materials has emerged.

As early as 1911, the Dutch scientist Annis cooled mercury with liquid nitrogen, and when the temperature dropped to about -2690C, it was found that the resistance air of mercury completely disappeared, this phenomenon is called "superconductivity", and all materials with this zero resistance are called superconductors. Because superconductors have two macroscopic characteristics, namely zero resistance and complete diamagnetism, they can deliver large currents without heat generation and with little energy loss. But for more than 70 years after 1911, the superconductors developed by scientists have been at low temperatures, with a maximum temperature of only 23 2 K.

It was not until the late 80s, with the discovery of lanthanum-barium copper oxide with a transition temperature of 35 K, that the worldwide research and development of "high-temperature" superconducting materials flourished. From 1987 to the present, the United States, China, and Japan have successively discovered superconducting materials with a transition temperature of 100K. At present, countries around the world are very competitive in the research of high-temperature superconducting materials, and they all hope to be the first to find high-temperature superconducting materials at room temperature.

China's exploration of superconducting materials and related basic research in materials science have always been at or close to the forefront of the world. On July 24, 1998, Beijing General Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals successfully developed China's first transmission cable made of bismuth high-temperature superconducting materials, and its performance reached the world's advanced level.

The application of high-temperature superconducting materials will inevitably lead to a new technological revolution, which is no less significant than semiconductor materials. This is because superconducting materials have a wide range of applications: power delivery.

It can be transmitted without pressurization, the power loss can be reduced by more than 10, and the electricity cost can be saved by more than 15. It is estimated that the realization of superconducting transmission alone could save the United States $10 billion worth of electricity a year. Controlled thermonuclear fusion reaction device.

The temperature of the reaction is as high as 100 million degrees Celsius, and there is no device that can currently restrain this extremely high temperature reaction process, which can be effectively controlled by the super-strong magnetic field generated by superconductors in the future. Superconducting maglev trains. This kind of train breaks the traditional way of wheel-rail contact, it is a car without wheels and a coil on the track, when the current passes, it generates a repulsive magnetic field to lift the car to levitate, and the linear motor pushes the car forward.

This kind of train has no resistance to wheel-rail contact rolling, and the speed of the train is greatly improved, reaching a speed of more than 500 kilometers per hour. For example, it only takes more than 4 hours to get from Beijing to Guangzhou. In addition, replacing gasoline vehicles with superconducting electric vehicles can save more than 1 billion tons of fuel every year in the world, and can greatly reduce noise and environmental pollution.

Superconducting electronic computers. The use of superconducting chips will greatly increase the computing speed of the computer and reduce the volume. A superconducting computer with an operating speed of 80 million seconds developed by IBM in the United States is only the size of a first-class computer, and its components do not heat up and can run efficiently for a long time.

Superconducting materials are present at room temperature.

The University of Rochester said on the 8th that researchers at the university have developed a material that exhibits superconductivity at room temperature and relatively low pressure, which is considered a historic breakthrough. However, whether this research result can be recognized remains to be repeated and verified by other research groups in the future.

The superconducting material, which is composed of nitrogen, hydrogen and lutetium, has been developed by a research team led by Langa Dias, an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, and that it exhibits superconductivity at a temperature of about 10 kilobars (10,000 times the standard atmospheric pressure), according to a report by the University of Rochester.

Application of superconducting materials at room temperature

1. Power transmission.

Superconducting materials have zero electrical resistance, which can greatly reduce energy losses in power delivery. The application of ambient superconducting materials can make power transmission more efficient and reduce energy waste.

2. Magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging is a medical imaging technique that can be used to detect diseases inside the human body. The application of room-temperature superconducting materials can make magnetic resonance imaging more efficient and improve diagnostic accuracy.

3. Maglev trains.

A maglev train is a high-speed train that can travel on a track suspended under the action of magnetic force. The use of room temperature superconducting materials can make maglev trains more efficient and improve running speed and safety.

4. Superconducting electronic devices.

Superconducting electronics are high-performance electronic devices that can be used in computers, communications, and other fields. The application of room-temperature superconducting materials can make superconducting electronic devices more efficient, improve computing speed and communication speed.

Ambient superconducting materials mean that we will be able to achieve superconducting results in conditions that are easier to achieve and cheaper.

Room-temperature superconductivity refers to superconductivity at close to room temperature. Ambient superconductivity will change our world, and we will be able to store and transmit energy more efficiently. In the field of science, superconducting materials are extremely amazing substances that can transmit electric current unhindered at extremely low temperatures, thus saving a lot of energy and reducing losses.

Ambient superconductivity will change our energy consumption patterns. Most of our energy is now sourced from fossil fuels, which leads to environmental pollution and climate change. If we can apply superconducting technology on a large scale, we can save a lot of osmotic energy and reduce energy loss, thereby driving a shift in energy consumption patterns.

For example, high-speed trains and maglev trains require a lot of energy to operate, and the use of superconducting technology can greatly reduce the energy consumption of these vehicles.

The influence of superconducting materials at room temperature

Ambient superconductivity will have a profound impact on electronics. Now, all the electronic devices we use need to dissipate heat, otherwise they will quickly overheat and stop working. Ambient superconductivity, on the other hand, does not require heat dissipation, which will make electronic devices more efficient, more durable, and can be used over a wider range of temperatures.

Ambient superconductivity will advance medical and scientific research. Medical imaging equipment and accelerators require a lot of energy to operate, and if superconducting technology is used, it will be possible to diagnose diseases more quickly and accurately, and accelerate the progress of scientific research.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Room Temperature Superconductors.

The uses of room-temperature superconducting materials include high-efficiency power transmission, power storage, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, space propulsion, space thrusters, space pushers, etc.

1. Efficient power transmission.

Room-temperature superconducting coils enable efficient power transmission, reducing energy losses during transmission, improving transmission efficiency, and reducing the environmental impact of the grid.

2. Power storage.

Room-temperature superconductivity technology can be used to solve the problem of power storage. Superconducting materials can store large amounts of electrical energy and release it when needed, which greatly improves the stability of the power system.

3. Magnetic resonance imaging.

Room-temperature superconducting materials can be used to make MRI devices, which are widely used in the medical field. Devices made using room-temperature superconducting materials have higher sensitivity and shorter scan times.

4. Aerospace thrusters.

Room-temperature superconductivity can be applied to electric propulsion systems, allowing spacecraft to use less fuel to complete longer ranges. In addition, superconducting materials are able to provide higher power density, making thrusters more efficient.

5. Maglev train.

Room-temperature superconductivity technology can be used to make maglev trains. Superconducting materials can provide higher magnetic field stability and greater current density, which greatly increases the speed of the train. At the same time, such as the shudder, it can reduce the friction and air resistance of the train, making the train more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

6. Environmental purification.

Room-temperature superconductivity technology can be used to create highly efficient air and water purifiers. Purifiers made of superconducting materials can make the environment purify more efficiently, and at the same time, it can also reduce the pollution of the environment.